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Antioxidant Properties of Probiotics and Their Protective Effects in the Pathogenesis of Radiation-Induced Enteritis and Colitis

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Abstract

Radiation therapy has become one of the most important treatment modalities for human malignancy, but certain immediate and delayed side-effects on the normal surrounding tissues limit the amount of effective radiation that can be administered. After exposure of the abdominal region to ionizing radiation, nearly all patients experience transient symptoms of irradiation of the bowel. Acute-phase symptoms may persist for a short time, yet long-term complications can represent significant clinical conditions with high morbidity. Data from both experimental studies and clinical trials suggest the potential benefit for probiotics in radiation-induced enteritis and colitis. On the other hand, it is well evidenced that both useful and harmful effects of therapeutic applications of ionizing radiation upon living systems are ascribed to free-radical production. Therefore, the hypothesis that probiotics reinforce antioxidant defense systems of normal mucosal cells exposed to ionizing radiation may explain to an extent their beneficial action. The aim of this review is threefold: First, to make a short brief into the natural history of radiation injury to the intestinal tract. Second, to describe the primary interaction of ionizing radiation at the cellular level and demonstrate the participation of free radicals in the mechanisms of injury and, third, to try a more profound investigation into the antioxidant abilities of probiotics and prebiotics based on the available experimental and clinical data.

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Acknowledgments

The authors state that there was no extra-institutional funding. Supported by the National and Kapodιstrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

BGS, EPM, CNS, and CF have made contributions to conception and design. BGS and EPM contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors contributed equally to the final draft of the manuscript. CF has given the final approval of the version to be published.

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  1. 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Basileios G. Spyropoulos

  2. 3rd Department of Surgery, University of Athens School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece

    Evangelos P. Misiakos, Constantine Fotiadis & Christos N. Stoidis

  3. 1st Department of Surgery, Athens Navy Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Christos N. Stoidis

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  1. Basileios G. Spyropoulos
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Correspondence to Christos N. Stoidis.

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Spyropoulos, B.G., Misiakos, E.P., Fotiadis, C. et al. Antioxidant Properties of Probiotics and Their Protective Effects in the Pathogenesis of Radiation-Induced Enteritis and Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 56, 285–294 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1307-1

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