Abstract
With the growing concerns about the conservation of the environment and the minimal consumption of water, the self-cleaning approach for textile materials is gaining much popularity and interest day-by-day. There are various approaches for producing self-cleaning textiles surfaces, of which the application of nanoparticles is more effective. The self-cleaning property can be achieved by either creating super-hydrophobic surfaces or applying photocatalyst materials. Super-hydrophobic self-cleaning surface follows the principle of the behavior of liquid on surface roughness. On the contrary, under the exposure of light radiation, the photocatalytic self-cleaning surface follows the chemical redox reaction mechanisms to degrade the organic materials including microorganisms or stains. Several previous studies were done to implement self-cleaning functionality to textile materials. Hierarchical surface roughness using nano-whisker or nano-spherical structure using SiO2, carbon nanotubes or ZnO nanoflower produces super-hydrophobic self-cleaning surface with excellent water contact angle whereas different semiconductor nanoparticles including TiO2, ZnO, SnO2 exhibit photocatalytic properties. There are various suggested methods of synthesis and fabrication methods to impart nanoparticles on textile materials. In this review paper, the progress and technological advances in the field of nanoparticles impregnated self-cleaning textiles materials are discussed with different fabrication methods and nanoparticles. Apart from various challenges and limitations, nanoparticles coated self-cleaning textile materials have a wide range of applications in different fields.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Aarthi T, Narahari P, Madras G (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of Azure and Sudan dyes using nano TiO2. J Hazard Mater 149:725–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.038
Abbasi R, Shineh G, Mobaraki M et al (2023) Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review. Springer, Netherlands
Abdel-Khalek AA, Mahmoud SA, Zaki AH (2018) Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet, bromophenol blue and eosin Y dyes using AgBr–ZnO nanocomposite. Environ Nanatechnol Monit Manag 9:164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2018.03.002
Abidi N, Aminayi P, Cabrales L, Hequet E (2012) Super-hydrophobic cotton fabric prepared using nanoparticles and molecular vapor deposition methods. Functional materials from renewable sources. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 149–165
Abo El-Ola SM, Kotb RM, Shaker RN (2021) Photocatalytic finishing of silk and viscose fabrics. J Text Inst 112:820–827. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1779906
Abou Elmaaty T, Elsisi HG, Elsayad GM et al (2021) Fabrication of new multifunctional cotton/lycra composites protective textiles through deposition of nano silica coating. Polymers (Basel) 13:2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13172888
Abualnaja KM, ElAassar MR, Ghareeb RY et al (2021) Development of photo-induced Ag0/TiO2 nanocomposite coating for photocatalysis, self-cleaning and antimicrobial polyester fabric. J Mater Res Technol 15:1513–1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.127
Acayanka E, Tarkwa J-B, Nchimi KN et al (2019) Grafting of N-doped titania nanoparticles synthesized by the plasma-assisted method on textile surface for sunlight photocatalytic self-cleaning applications. Surf Interfaces 17:100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100361
Afzal S, Daoud WA, Langford SJ (2014) Superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning cotton. J Mater Chem A 2:18005–18011. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA02764G
Agrawal N, Low PS, Tan JSJ et al (2020) Durable easy-cleaning and antibacterial cotton fabrics using fluorine-free silane coupling agents and CuO nanoparticles. Nano Mater Sci 2:281–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.09.004
Ahmad I, Kan C (2017) Visible-light-driven, dye-sensitized TiO2 photo-catalyst for self-cleaning cotton fabrics. Coatings 7:192. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7110192
Ahmad I, Kan C, Yao Z (2019) Photoactive cotton fabric for UV protection and self-cleaning. RSC Adv 9:18106–18114. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA02023C
Ahmed HM, Mohamed MA, Abdellatif FHH (2022) Nanoparticles modifications of textiles using plasma technology. In: Sharma P, Singh D, Dave V (eds) Fundamentals of nano-textile science. Apple Academic Press, pp 145–170
Allen NS, Mahdjoub N, Vishnyakov V et al (2018) The effect of crystalline phase (anatase, brookite and rutile) and size on the photocatalytic activity of calcined polymorphic titanium dioxide (TiO2). Polym Degrad Stab 150:31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.008
Ameta R, Solanki MS, Benjamin S, Ameta SC (2018) Photocatalysis. In: Advanced oxidation processes for waste water treatment. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 135–175
Andersen NK, Taboryski R (2017) Drop shape analysis for determination of dynamic contact angles by double sided elliptical fitting method. Meas Sci Technol 28:047003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa5dcf
Anderson SR, Mohammadtaheri M, Kumar D et al (2016) Robust nanostructured silver and copper fabrics with localized surface plasmon resonance property for effective visible light induced reductive catalysis. Adv Mater Interfaces 3:1500632. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500632
Anjum AS, Sun KC, Ali M et al (2020) Fabrication of coral-reef structured nano silica for self-cleaning and super-hydrophobic textile applications. Chem Eng J 401:125859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125859
Asim F, Naeem F (2022) Investigation of self-cleaning attributes of denim fabric modified with naturally synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. Pigment Resin Technol. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-04-2022-0042
Athauda TJ, Ozer RR (2012) Investigation of the effect of dual-size coatings on the hydrophobicity of cotton surface. Cellulose 19:1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9659-7
Atta AM, Abomelka HM (2021) Multifunctional finishing of cotton fibers using silver nanoparticles via microwave-assisted reduction of silver alkylcarbamate. Mater Chem Phys 260:124137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124137
Atwah AA, Khan MA (2022) Influence of microscopic features on the self-cleaning ability of textile fabrics. Text Res J. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175211069881
Awazu K, Fujimaki M, Rockstuhl C et al (2008) A plasmonic photocatalyst consisting of silver nanoparticles embedded in titanium dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 130:1676–1680. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja076503n
Bae GY, Min BG, Jeong YG et al (2009) Superhydrophobicity of cotton fabrics treated with silica nanoparticles and water-repellent agent. J Colloid Interface Sci 337:170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.066
Bae GY, Jeong YG, Min BG (2010) Superhydrophobic PET fabrics achieved by silica nanoparticles and water-repellent agent. Fibers Polym 11:976–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0976-x
Baiju KV, Periyat P, Wunderlich W et al (2007) Enhanced photoactivity of neodymium doped mesoporous titania synthesized through aqueous sol–gel method. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 43:283–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1590-2
Banerjee S, Pillai SC, Falaras P et al (2014) New insights into the mechanism of visible light photocatalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 5:2543–2554. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz501030x
Banerjee S, Dionysiou DD, Pillai SC (2015) Self-cleaning applications of TiO2 by photo-induced hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. Appl Catal B Environ 176–177:396–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.058
Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Oleszczuk P, Winiarska-Mieczan A (2020) Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure on human health—a review. Biol Trace Elem Res 193:118–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01706-6
Bedford NM, Steckl AJ (2010) Photocatalytic self cleaning textile fibers by coaxial electrospinning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:2448–2455. https://doi.org/10.1021/am1005089
Behnajady M, Modirshahla N, Hamzavi R (2006) Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of C.I. acid yellow 23 by ZnO photocatalyst. J Hazard Mater 133:226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.022
Bhatkhande DS, Pangarkar VG, Beenackers AA (2002) Photocatalytic degradation for environmental applications: a review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77:102–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.532
Bhushan B, Jung YC, Koch K (2009) Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning and low adhesion. Philos Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 367:1631–1672. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0014
Bingham S, Daoud WA (2011) Recent advances in making nano-sized TiO2 visible-light active through rare-earth metal doping. J Mater Chem 21:2041–2050. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM02271C
Bixler GD, Bhushan B (2012) Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin and lotus effects. Soft Matter 8:11271. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26655e
Borda d’ Água R, Branquinho R, Duarte MP et al (2018) Efficient coverage of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fibres for antibacterial finishing using a rapid and low cost in situ synthesis. New J Chem 42:1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ03418K
Bornside DE, Macosko CW, Scriven LE (1989) Spin coating: one-dimensional model. J Appl Phys 66:5185–5193. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.343754
Boticas I, Dias D, Ferreira D et al (2019) Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics based on ZnO nanoparticles functionalization. SN Appl Sci 1:1376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1423-2
Boujday S, Wünsch F, Portes P et al (2004) Photocatalytic and electronic properties of TiO2 powders elaborated by sol–gel route and supercritical drying. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 83:421–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.035
Brinker CJ (2013) Dip coating. In: Chemical solution deposition of functional oxide thin films. In: Springer, Vienna, pp 233–261
Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (2013) Sol–gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol–gel processing. Academic Press, Cambridge
Busi E, Maranghi S, Corsi L, Basosi R (2016) Environmental sustainability evaluation of innovative self-cleaning textiles. J Clean Prod 133:439–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.072
Butola BS, Garg A, Garg A, Chauhan I (2018) Development of multi-functional properties on cotton fabric by in situ application of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. J Inst Eng Ser E 99:93–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40034-018-0118-3
Çakır BA, Budama L, Topel Ö, Hoda N (2012) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using PS-b-PAA reverse micelle cores for UV protective, self-cleaning and antibacterial textile applications. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 414:132–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.015
Cao C, Wang F, Lu M (2020) Superhydrophobic CuO coating fabricated on cotton fabric for oil/water separation and photocatalytic degradation. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 601:125033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125033
Cernuto G, Masciocchi N, Cervellino A et al (2011) Size and shape dependence of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanocrystals: a total scattering debye function study. J Am Chem Soc 133:3114–3119. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja110225n
Chand K, Jiao C, Lakhan MN et al (2021) Green synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized with Nigella Sativa seed extract. Chem Phys Lett 763:138218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138218
Chaudhari SB, Mandot AA, Patel BH (2012) Effect of nano TiO2 pretreatment on functional properties of cotton fabric. Int J Eng Res Dev 1:24–29
Chemin J-B, Bulou S, Baba K et al (2018) Transparent anti-fogging and self-cleaning TiO2/SiO2 thin films on polymer substrates using atmospheric plasma. Sci Rep 8:9603. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27526-7
Chen X, Mao SS (2007) Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem Rev 107:2891–2959. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535
Chen Q, Chen L, Qi J et al (2019) Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by carbon quantum dots modified K2Ti6O13 nanotubes: effect of light wavelength. Chin Chem Lett 30:1214–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.002
Chen J, Yuan L, Shi C et al (2021) Nature-inspired hierarchical protrusion structure construction for washable and wear-resistant superhydrophobic textiles with self-cleaning ability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:18142–18151. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c03539
Cheng Q-Y, Liu M-C, Li Y-D et al (2018) Biobased super-hydrophobic coating on cotton fabric fabricated by spray-coating for efficient oil/water separation. Polym Test 66:41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.005
Cheng Y, Zhu T, Li S et al (2019) A novel strategy for fabricating robust superhydrophobic fabrics by environmentally-friendly enzyme etching. Chem Eng J 355:290–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.113
Dai S, Li Y, Du Z, Carter KR (2013) Electrochemical deposition of ZnO hierarchical nanostructures from hydrogel coated electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 160:D156–D162. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.064304jes
Dalawai SP, Saad Aly MA, Latthe SS et al (2020) Recent advances in durability of superhydrophobic self-cleaning technology: a critical review. Prog Org Coat 138:105381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105381
Daneshvar N, Salari D, Khataee A (2004) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 162:317–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00378-2
Danglad-Flores J, Eickelmann S, Riegler H (2018) Deposition of polymer films by spin casting: a quantitative analysis. Chem Eng Sci 179:257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.012
Daoud WA, Xin JH, Zhang YH (2005) Surface functionalization of cellulose fibers with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their combined bactericidal activities. Surf Sci 599:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2005.09.038
Darmanin T, Guittard F (2015) Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties in nature. Mater Today 18:273–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.01.001
Dastan D, Panahi SL, Chaure NB (2016) Characterization of titania thin films grown by dip-coating technique. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 27:12291–12296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4985-4
de la Alcaraz R, Iparragirre I, Ortiz D, Saiz JM (2020) The extended Kubelka–Munk theory and its application to spectroscopy. ChemTexts 6:2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-019-0097-0
de Villiers MM, Otto DP, Strydom SJ, Lvov YM (2011) Introduction to nanocoatings produced by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63:701–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.011
Desisa ST, Dalbaşi ES, Çay A (2022) Production of superhydrophobic cotton fabric by layer-by-layer deposition of SiO2 /TiO2-polydimethylsiloxane. J Nat Fibers. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2129899
Diaa M, Hassabo AG (2022) Self-cleaning properties of cellulosic fabrics (a review). Biointerface Res Appl Chem 12:1847–1855. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC122.18471855
Diallo A, Manikandan E, Rajendran V, Maaza M (2016) Physical and enhanced photocatalytic properties of green synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles via Aspalathus linearis. J Alloys Compd 681:561–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.200
Dissanayake N, Abeysundara S, Wanasekara ND (2020) Investigating the feasibility of applying spin coating method for textiles. In: 2020 Moratuwa engineering research conference (MERCon). IEEE, pp 448–452
Dubas ST, Kumlangdudsana P, Potiyaraj P (2006) Layer-by-layer deposition of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles on textile fibers. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 289:105–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.04.012
Dumitrescu I, Iordache O-G, Mitran C-E et al (2020) Attempts to improve the self-cleaning effect of the textile materials. Ind Textila 71:252–258. https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1626
Ekanayake UGM, Dayananda KEDYT, Rathuwadu N, Mantilaka MMMGPG (2022) Fabrication of multifunctional smart polyester fabric via electrochemical deposition of ZnO nano-/microhierarchical structures. J Coat Technol Res 19:1243–1253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00606-6
El-Hamshary H, El-Naggar ME, Khattab TA, El-Faham A (2021) Preparation of multifunctional plasma cured cellulose fibers coated with photo-induced nanocomposite toward self-cleaning and antibacterial textiles. Polymers (Basel) 13:3664. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213664
El-Khatib EM (2012) Antimicrobial and self-cleaning textiles using nanotechnology. Res J Text Appar 16:156–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/RJTA-16-03-2012-B016
El-Naggar ME, Khattab TA, Abdelrahman MS et al (2021) Development of antimicrobial, UV blocked and photocatalytic self-cleanable cotton fibers decorated with silver nanoparticles using silver carbamate and plasma activation. Cellulose 28:1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03537-4
Elango G, Roopan SM (2016) Efficacy of SnO2 nanoparticles toward photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 155:34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.010
Ensikat HJ, Ditsche-Kuru P, Neinhuis C, Barthlott W (2011) Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2:152–161. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.19
Eral HB, ’t Mannetje DJCM, Oh JM (2013) Contact angle hysteresis: a review of fundamentals and applications. Colloid Polym Sci 291:247–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-012-2796-6
Esmaielzadeh Kandjani A, Farzalipour Tabriz M, Arefian NA et al (2010) Photocatalytic decoloration of Acid Red 27 in presence of SnO2 nanoparticles. Water Sci Technol 62:1256–1264. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.156
Fadeel B, Farcal L, Hardy B et al (2018) Advanced tools for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. Nat Nanotechnol 13:537–543. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0185-0
Feinle A, Elsaesser MS, Hüsing N (2016) Sol–gel synthesis of monolithic materials with hierarchical porosity. Chem Soc Rev 45:3377–3399. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00710K
Fernández A, Francone A, Thamdrup LH et al (2017) Hierarchical surfaces for enhanced self-cleaning applications. J Micromech Microeng 27:045020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/aa62bb
Freire K, Ramos FO, Soria DB et al (2021) Cytotoxicity and DNA damage evaluation of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. Uptake in lung cells in culture. Toxicol Res (Camb) 10:264–271. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfaa112
Fu M, Li Y, Wu S et al (2011) Sol–gel preparation and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 258:1587–1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.10.003
Fujishima A, Zhang X (2006) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: present situation and future approaches. C R Chim 9:750–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.055
Gamage J, Zhang Z (2010) Applications of Photocatalytic Disinfection. Int J Photoenergy 2010:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/764870
Ganesh VA, Raut HK, Nair AS, Ramakrishna S (2011) A review on self-cleaning coatings. J Mater Chem 21:16304. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm12523k
Gao Y-N, Wang Y, Yue T-N et al (2021) Multifunctional cotton non-woven fabrics coated with silver nanoparticles and polymers for antibacterial, superhydrophobic and high performance microwave shielding. J Colloid Interface Sci 582:112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.037
Ghanashyam Krishna M, Vinjanampati M, Dhar Purkayastha D (2013) Metal oxide thin films and nanostructures for self-cleaning applications: current status and future prospects. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 62:30001. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2013130048
Ghasemi N, Seyfi J, Asadollahzadeh MJ (2018) Imparting superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties onto the cotton fabrics: synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and octadecanethiol. Cellulose 25:4211–4222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1837-9
Gnanasekaran L, Hemamalini R, Ravichandran K (2015) Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 quantum dots for photocatalytic application. J Saudi Chem Soc 19:589–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2015.05.002
Grzechulska J, Morawski AW (2002) Photocatalytic decomposition of azo-dye acid black 1 in water over modified titanium dioxide. Appl Catal B Environ 36:45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(01)00275-2
Guo X-J, Xue C-H, Li M et al (2017) Fabrication of robust, superhydrophobic, electrically conductive and UV-blocking fabrics via layer-by-layer assembly of carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 7:25560–25565. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA02111A
Gupta KK, Jassal M, Agrawal AK (2007) Functional finishing of cotton using titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Res J Text Appar 11:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/RJTA-11-03-2007-B001
Gupta KK, Jassal M, Agrawal AK (2008) Sol-gel derived titanium dioxide finishing of cotton fabric for self cleaning. Indian J Fibre Text Res 33:443–450
Haji A, Kan C-W (2021) Plasma treatment for sustainable functionalization of textiles. In: Green chemistry for sustainable textiles. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 265–277
Haji A, Naebe M (2020) Cleaner dyeing of textiles using plasma treatment and natural dyes: a review. J Clean Prod 265:121866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121866
Haji A, Mousavi Shoushtari A, Mazaheri F, Tabatabaeyan SE (2015) RSM optimized self-cleaning nano-finishing on polyester/wool fabric pretreated with oxygen plasma. J Text Inst 1–10:1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1077023
Han CH, Min BG (2020) Superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics coated with copper nanoparticles through sonochemical process. Fibers Polym 21:785–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9925-5
Hao LF, An QF, Xu W, Wang QJ (2010) Synthesis of fluoro-containing superhydrophobic cotton fabric with washing resistant property using Nano-SiO2 sol–gel Method. Adv Mater Res 121–122:23–26. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.121-122.23
Harifi T, Montazer M (2017) Application of nanotechnology in sports clothing and flooring for enhanced sport activities, performance, efficiency and comfort: a review. J Ind Text 46:1147–1169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083715601512
Harish V, Tewari D, Gaur M et al (2022) Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-food applications. Nanomaterials 12:1–43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030457
Harya I, Izinilah F, Hakiki IR, Slamet S (2018) Study of self cleaning fabric modified by Cu doped TiO2 with the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). AIP Conf Proc 2024:020071
Hasanzadeh M, Shahriyari Far H, Haji A, Rosace G (2022) Surface modification of polyester/viscose fabric with silica hydrosol and amino-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane for the preparation of a fluorine-free superhydrophobic and breathable textile. Coatings 12:398. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12030398
Hashimoto K, Irie H, Fujishima A (2005) TiO2 photocatalysis: a historical overview and future prospects. Jpn J Appl Phys Part 1 Regul Pap Short Notes Rev Pap 44:8269–8285. https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.44.8269
Hebeish AA, Abdelhady MM, Youssef AM (2013) TiO2 nanowire and TiO2 nanowire doped Ag-PVP nanocomposite for antimicrobial and self-cleaning cotton textile. Carbohydr Polym 91:549–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.068
Heeravathi S, Christy AA (2020) Spin coating methods and applications—a review. J Xi’an Univ Arch Technol 12:231–235
Hellstrom SL (2007) Basic models of spin coating. Submitted as coursework for Physics, 210. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2007/ph210/hellstrom1/
Hillyer MB, Nam S, Condon BD (2020) Quantification and spatial resolution of silver nanoparticles in cotton textiles by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). J Nanoparticle Res 22:42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-019-4740-x
Hong NH (2018) Introduction to nanomaterials: basic properties, synthesis, and characterization. In: Nano-sized multifunctional materials: synthesis, properties and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–19
Hong HR, Kim J, Park CH (2018) Facile fabrication of multifunctional fabrics: use of copper and silver nanoparticles for antibacterial, superhydrophobic, conductive fabrics. RSC Adv 8:41782–41794. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA08310J
Hosne Asif AKMA, Hasan MZ (2018) Application of nanotechnology in modern textiles: a review. Int J Curr Eng Technol. https://doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.8.2.5
Hsieh C-T, Chen W-Y, Wu F-L (2008) Fabrication and superhydrophobicity of fluorinated carbon fabrics with micro/nanoscaled two-tier roughness. Carbon N Y 46:1218–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.04.026
Hu Y, Yuan C (2005) Low-temperature preparation of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films from anatase sols. J Cryst Growth 274:563–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.10.146
Huang L, Xuan Y, Koide Y et al (2012) Type I and type II mechanisms of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Lasers Surg Med 44:490–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22045
Irfan M, Naz MY, Saleem M et al (2021) Statistical study of nonthermal plasma-assisted ZnO coating of cotton fabric through ultrasonic-assisted green synthesis for improved self-cleaning and antimicrobial properties. Materials (Basel) 14:6998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226998
Irfan M, Hussain H, Saleem B et al (2022) Evaluation of ultrasonically ZnO loading effect on photocatalytic self-cleaning, UV protection and antibacterial activity of plasma/citric acid-activated cotton fabric. Nanomaterials 12:2122. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122122
Ismail WNW (2016) Sol–gel technology for innovative fabric finishing—a review. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 78:698–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4027-y
Jadoun S, Verma A, Arif R (2020) Modification of textiles via nanomaterials and their applications. Front Text Mater Polym Nanomater Enzym Adv Modif Tech 135–152. doi: 10.1002/9781119620396.ch6.
Janowicz NJ, Li H, Heale FL et al (2020) Fluorine-free transparent superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings from mesoporous silica. Langmuir 36:13426–13438. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01767
Jeong SA, Kang TJ (2017) Superhydrophobic and transparent surfaces on cotton fabrics coated with silica nanoparticles for hierarchical roughness. Text Res J 87:552–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517516632477
Jeong T, Lee S (2019) Photocatalytic self-cleaning by nanocomposite fibers containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Fibers Polym 20:25–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8678-5
Jiang X, Tian X, Gu J et al (2011) Cotton fabric coated with nano TiO2-acrylate copolymer for photocatalytic self-cleaning by in-situ suspension polymerization. Appl Surf Sci 257:8451–8456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.04.128
Joshi M, Bhattacharyya A, Agarwal N, Parmar S (2012) Nanostructured coatings for super hydrophobic textiles. Bull Mater Sci 35:933–938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-012-0391-6
Jung YC, Bhushan B (2009) Mechanically durable carbon nanotube–composite hierarchical structures with superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and low-drag. ACS Nano 3:4155–4163. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn901509r
Kai Y (2013) Study of biosafety of nanomaterials in sports engineering. Appl Mech Mater 340:348–352. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.340.348
Kaihong Qi X, Wang, Xin JH (2011) Photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles based on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide. Text Res J 81:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517510383618
Kale BM, Wiener J, Militky J et al (2016) Coating of cellulose-TiO2 nanoparticles on cotton fabric for durable photocatalytic self-cleaning and stiffness. Carbohydr Polym 150:107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.006
Kanakaraju D (2013) Photochemical and solar degradation of pharmaceuticals in water (Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University). https://doi.org/10.25903/0mab-dv77
Kaounides L, Yu H, Harper T (2007) Nanotechnology innovation and applications in textiles industry: current markets and future growth trends. Mater Technol 22:209–237. https://doi.org/10.1179/175355507X250014
Karagoz S, Kiremitler NB, Sarp G et al (2021) Antibacterial, antiviral, and self-cleaning mats with sensing capabilities based on electrospun nanofibers decorated with ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles for protective clothing applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:5678–5690. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c15606
Karahan HA, Özdoğan E (2008) Improvements of surface functionality of cotton fibers by atmospheric plasma treatment. Fibers Polym 9:21–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-008-0004-6
Karakitsou KE, Verykios XE (1993) Effects of altervalent cation doping of titania on its performance as a photocatalyst for water cleavage. J Phys Chem 97:1184–1189. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100108a014
Karimi L, Zohoori S, Amini A (2015) Multi-wall carbon nanotubes and nano titanium dioxide coated on cotton fabric for superior self-cleaning and UV blocking. Carbon N Y 82:609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.053
Karthik S, Siva P, Balu KS et al (2017) Acalypha indica– mediated green synthesis of ZnO nanostructures under differential thermal treatment: effect on textile coating, hydrophobicity, UV resistance, and antibacterial activity. Adv Powder Technol 28:3184–3194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.09.033
Kathirvelu S, D’souza L, Dhurai B (2008) A comparative study of multifunctional finishing of cotton and P/C blended fabrics treated with titanium dioxide/zinc oxide nanoparticles. Indian J Sci Technol 1:1–12
Khan MQ, Lee H, Koo JM et al (2018) Self-cleaning effect of electrospun poly (1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene isosorbide terephthalate) nanofibers embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Text Res J 88:2493–2498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517517723026
Khan MZ, Baheti V, Ashraf M et al (2018) Development of UV protective, superhydrophobic and antibacterial textiles using ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. Fibers Polym 19:1647–1654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-7935-3
Khatabi H, Bidoki SM, Haji A (2022) A green approach for In-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on cotton fabric by low pressure cold plasma. Mater Chem Phys 290:126548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126548
Khataee AR, Kasiri MB (2010) Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of nanostructured titanium dioxide: influence of the chemical structure of dyes. J Mol Catal A Chem 328:8–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.05.023
Khezrianjoo S, Revanasiddappa HD (2016) Effect of operational parameters and kinetic study on the photocatalytic degradation of m-cresol purple using irradiated ZnO in aqueous medium. Water Qual Res J 51:69–78. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.028
Kim SH (2008) Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. J Adhes Sci Technol 22:235–250. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856108X305156
Kim YK, Hwang S-H, Kim S et al (2017) ZnO nanostructure electrodeposited on flexible conductive fabric: a flexible photo-sensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 240:1106–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.072
Kiwi J, Pulgarin C (2010) Innovative self-cleaning and bactericide textiles. Catal Today 151:2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.01.032
Ko H, Choi YH, Chang SY et al (2015) Surface modification of parylene-N with UV-treatment to enhance the protein immobilization. Eur Polym J 68:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.016
Koe WS, Lee JW, Chong WC et al (2020) An overview of photocatalytic degradation: photocatalysts, mechanisms, and development of photocatalytic membrane. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:2522–2565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07193-5
Kormann C, Bahnemann DW, Hoffmann MR (1988) Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxides and organic peroxides in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and desert sand. Environ Sci Technol 22:798–806. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00172a009
Krysanov EY, Pavlov DS, Demidova TB, Dgebuadze YY (2010) Effect of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. Biol Bull 37:406–412. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359010040114
Kumar A (2017) A review on the factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous materials. Mater Sci Eng Int J. https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2017.01.00018
Kumar A, Pandey G (2017) Photocatalytic degradation of Eriochrome Black-T by the Ni:TiO2 nanocomposites. Desalin Water Treat 71:406–419. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20541
Kumar A, Hitkari G, Gautam M et al (2015) Synthesis, characterization and application of Cu–TiO2 nanaocomposites in photodegradation of methyl red (MR). IARJSET 2:50–55. https://doi.org/10.17148/IARJSET.2015.21208
Kumbhakar P, Pramanik A, Biswas S et al (2018) In-situ synthesis of rGO-ZnO nanocomposite for demonstration of sunlight driven enhanced photocatalytic and self-cleaning of organic dyes and tea stains of cotton fabrics. J Hazard Mater 360:193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.103
Lam S-M, Lim C-L, Sin J-C et al (2021) Facile synthesis of MnO2/ZnO coated on cotton fabric for boosted antimicrobial, self-cleaning and photocatalytic activities under sunlight. Mater Lett 305:130818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130818
Latthe SS, Rao AV (2012) Superhydrophobic SiO2 micro-particle coatings by spray method. Surf Coat Technol 207:489–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.07.055
Latthe SS, Sutar RS, Kodag VS et al (2019) Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coatings: potential industrial applications. Prog Org Coat 128:52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.12.008
Lau KKS, Bico J, Teo KBK et al (2003) Superhydrophobic carbon nanotube forests. Nano Lett 3:1701–1705. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034704t
Lee SW, Kim B, Chen S et al (2009) Layer-by-layer assembly of all carbon nanotube ultrathin films for electrochemical applications. J Am Chem Soc 131:671–679. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja807059k
Lee HJ, Kim J, Park CH (2014) Fabrication of self-cleaning textiles by TiO 2 -carbon nanotube treatment. Text Res J 84:267–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517513494258
Leroux MM, Doumandji Z, Chézeau L et al (2020) Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles: validation of alternative models. Int J Mol Sci 21:1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144855
Li G, Wang H, Zheng H, Bai R (2010) A Facile Approach for the fabrication of highly stable Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes – azide. Polym Compos Langmuir 26:7529–7534. https://doi.org/10.1021/la904337z
Li J, Yan L, Ouyang Q et al (2014) Facile fabrication of translucent superamphiphobic coating on paper to prevent liquid pollution. Chem Eng J 246:238–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.062
Lin W, Xu Y, Huang CC et al (2009) Toxicity of nano- and micro-sized ZnO particles in human lung epithelial cells. J Nanoparticle Res 11:25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9419-7
Lin D, Zeng X, Li H, Lai X (2018) Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic and flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabrics via layer-by-layer assembly. Cellulose 25:3135–3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1748-9
Liu Y, Tang J, Wang R et al (2007) Artificial lotus leaf structures from assembling carbon nanotubes and their applications in hydrophobic textiles. J Mater Chem 17:1071–1078. https://doi.org/10.1039/B613914K
Liu H, Gao S-W, Cai J-S et al (2016) Recent progress in fabrication and applications of superhydrophobic coating on cellulose-based substrates. Materials (Basel) 9:124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9030124
Lukong VT, Ukoba K, Jen T-C (2022) Review of self-cleaning TiO2 thin films deposited with spin coating. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 122:3525–3546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10043-3
Ma X, Shen B, Zhang L et al (2018) Porous superhydrophobic polymer/carbon composites for lightweight and self-cleaning EMI shielding application. Compos Sci Technol 158:86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.02.006
Maia MT, Noronha VT, Oliveira NC et al (2022) Silica nanoparticles and surface silanization for the fabrication of water-repellent cotton fibers. ACS Appl Nano Mater 5:4634–4647. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c03346
Malato S, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Maldonado MI et al (2009) Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: recent overview and trends. Catal Today 147:1–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2009.06.018
Mamba G, Mamo MA, Mbianda XY, Mishra AK (2014) Nd,N,S-TiO2 decorated on reduced graphene oxide for a visible light active photocatalyst for dye degradation: comparison to its MWCNT/Nd,N,S-TiO2 Analogue. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:14329–14338. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie502610y
Mardosaitė R, Jurkeviciute A, Račkauskas S (2021) Superhydrophobic ZnO nanowires: wettability mechanisms and functional applications. Cryst Growth Des 21:4765–4779. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00449
Martínez G, Merinero M, Pérez-Aranda M et al (2021) Environmental impact of nanoparticles’ application as an emerging technology: a review. Materials (Basel) 14:1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071710
Mehrotra K, Yablonsky GS, Ray AK (2005) Macro kinetic studies for photocatalytic degradation of benzoic acid in immobilized systems. Chemosphere 60:1427–1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.074
Mejía MI, Marín JM, Restrepo G et al (2009) Self-cleaning modified TiO2–cotton pretreated by UVC-light (185nm) and RF-plasma in vacuum and also under atmospheric pressure. Appl Catal B Environ 91:481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.017
Men X, Zhang Z, Yang J et al (2011) Spray-coated superhydrophobic coatings with regenerability. New J Chem 35:881. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nj00954g
Mihailović D, Šaponjić Z, Radoičić M et al (2011) Functionalization of cotton fabrics with corona/air RF plasma and colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles. Cellulose 18:811–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9510-6
Mishra A, Butola BS (2018) Development of cotton fabrics with durable UV protective and self-cleaning property by deposition of low TiO2 levels through Sol–gel process. Photochem Photobiol 94:503–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12888
Moafi HF, Shojaie AF, Zanjanchi MA (2011) Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of cellulosic fibers modified by nano-sized zinc oxide. Thin Solid Films 519:3641–3646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.347
Mondal S (2022) Nanomaterials for UV protective textiles. J Ind Text. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083721988949
Montazer M, Pakdel E (2011) Self-cleaning and color reduction in wool fabric by nano titanium dioxide. J Text Inst 102:343–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405001003771242
Mozia S (2010) Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) in water and wastewater treatment. A review. Sep Purif Technol 73:71–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.03.021
Mozia S, Morawski AW, Toyoda M, Inagaki M (2009) Application of anatase-phase TiO2 for decomposition of azo dye in a photocatalytic membrane reactor. Desalination 241:97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.12.048
Munoz-Sandoval E (2014) Trends in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and carbon nanotubes: a bibliometric approach. J Nanoparticle Res 16:2152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-2152-x
Muruganandha M, Swaminathan M (2006) Photocatalytic decolourisation and degradation of reactive orange 4 by TiO-UV process. Dye Pigment 68:133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.01.004
Naebe M, Haque ANMA, Haji A (2022) Plasma-assisted antimicrobial finishing of textiles: a review. Engineering 12:145–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.01.011
Nazari A, Montazer M, Rashidi A et al (2009) Nano TiO2 photo-catalyst and sodium hypophosphite for cross-linking cotton with poly carboxylic acids under UV and high temperature. Appl Catal A Gen 371:10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.08.029
Neacşu IA, Nicoară AI, Vasile OR, Vasile BŞ (2016) Inorganic micro- and nanostructured implants for tissue engineering. Nanobiomaterials in hard tissue engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 271–295
Nguyen-Tri P, Altiparmak F, Nguyen N et al (2019) Robust superhydrophobic cotton fibers prepared by simple dip-coating approach using chemical and plasma-etching pretreatments. ACS Omega 4:7829–7837. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00688
Nica I, Stan M, Dinischiotu A et al (2016) Innovative self-cleaning and biocompatible polyester textiles nano-decorated with Fe–N-doped titanium dioxide. Nanomaterials 6:214. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano6110214
Nipa ST, Akter R, Raihan A et al (2022) State-of-the-art biosynthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles by chemical precipitation method towards photocatalytic application. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:10871–10893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17933-1
Nishimoto S, Bhushan B (2013) Bioinspired self-cleaning surfaces with superhydrophobicity, superoleophobicity, and superhydrophilicity. RSC Adv 3:671–690. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2RA21260A
Nosonovsky M, Bhushan B (2008) Multiscale dissipative mechanisms and hierarchical surfaces: friction, superhydrophobicity, and biomimetics. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 278. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78425-8
Nuraje N, Khan WS, Lei Y et al (2013) Superhydrophobic electrospun nanofibers. J Mater Chem A 1:1929–1946. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00189F
Oliveira FF, Proenca MP, Araújo JP, Ventura J (2016) Electrodeposition of ZnO thin films on conducting flexible substrates. J Mater Sci 51:5589–5597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9850-6
Ortelli S, Costa A, Dondi M (2015) TiO2 nanosols applied directly on textiles using different purification treatments. Mater (Basel) 8:7988–7996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8115437
Pakdel E, Daoud WA (2013) Self-cleaning cotton functionalized with TiO2 /SiO2: focus on the role of silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 401:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.016
Pakdel E, Wang J, Kashi S et al (2020) Advances in photocatalytic self-cleaning, superhydrophobic and electromagnetic interference shielding textile treatments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 277:102116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102116
Pakdel E, Zhao H, Wang J et al (2021) Superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning cotton fabric using flower-like N-doped TiO2/PDMS coating. Cellulose 28:8807–8820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04075-3
Pakdel E, Daoud WA, Varley RJ, Wang X (2022) Antibacterial textile and the effect of incident light wavelength on its photocatalytic self-cleaning activity. Mater Lett 318:132223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132223
Pal S, Mondal S, Das A et al (2021a) Two-step fabrication of durable, flexible, and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic SiO2 ‐Silane@Fabric for self‐cleaning application. ChemistrySelect 6:1669–1684. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202100113
Pal S, Mondal S, Das A, Maity J (2021b) Fabrication of CuO/TMSPM coated superhydrophobic fabric for self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Fibers Polym 22:3517–3525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0128-5
Pal S, Mondal S, Pal P et al (2021c) Fabrication of durable, fluorine-free superhydrophobic cotton fabric for efficient self-cleaning and heavy/light oil-water separation. Colloid Interface Sci Commun 44:100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100469
Pal S, Mondal S, Pal P et al (2022) Fabrication of AgNPs/Silane coated mechanical and washing durable hydrophobic cotton textile for self-cleaning and oil-water separation application. J Indian Chem Soc 99:100283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100283
Palamutcu S, Acar G, Çon AH et al (2011) Innovative self-cleaning and antibacterial cotton textile: no water and no detergent for cleaning. Desalin Water Treat 26:178–184. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2128
Park SE, Joo H, Kang JW (2004) Effect of impurities in TiO2 thin films on trichloroethylene conversion. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 83:39–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.012
Park HK, Yoon SW, Do YR (2012) Superhydrophobicity of 2D SiO2 hierarchical micro/nanorod structures fabricated using a two-step micro/nanosphere lithography. J Mater Chem 22:14035. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm31978k
Parkin IP, Palgrave RG (2005) Self-cleaning coatings. J Mater Chem 15:1689. https://doi.org/10.1039/b412803f
Patil GE, Kajale DD, Gaikwad VB, Jain GH (2012) Preparation and characterization of SnO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal route. Int Nano Lett 2:17. https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-2-17
Patil GD, Patil AH, Jadhav SA et al (2019) A new method to prepare superhydrophobic cotton fabrics by post-coating surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles. Mater Lett 255:126562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126562
Patra JK, Gouda S (2013) Application of nanotechnology in textile engineering: an overview. J Eng Technol Res 5:104–111. https://doi.org/10.5897/JETR2013-0309
Patrocinio AOT, Paula LF, Paniago RM et al (2014) Layer-by-layer TiO 2 /WO 3 Thin Films as efficient photocatalytic self-cleaning Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:16859–16866. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504269a
Paul R, Bautista L, De la Varga M et al (2010) Nano-cotton fabrics with high Ultraviolet Protection. Text Res J 80:454–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517509342316
Perelshtein I, Applerot G, Perkas N et al (2009) CuO–cotton nanocomposite: formation, morphology, and antibacterial activity. Surf Coat Technol 204:54–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.06.028
Periyat P, Baiju KV, Mukundan P et al (2007) Aqueous colloidal sol–gel route to synthesize nanosized ceria-doped titania having high surface area and increased anatase phase stability. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 43:299–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1583-1
Pillai OM, Sundaramoorthy S (2022) Development of photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles using tin oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles mixture. J Text Inst. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2022.2062859
Prabhu PS, Kathirvel P, Maruthamani D, Gopal Ram SD (2022) Photocatalytic activity of pure and zinc doped tin oxide Nanoparticles synthesized by one step direct injection flame synthesis. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 32:999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02167-y
Prata JC (2018) Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health? Environ Pollut 234:115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.043
Puetz J, Aegerter MA (2004) Dip coating technique. Sol–Gel technologies for glass producers and users. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 37–48
Qing Y, Hu C, Yang C et al (2017) Rough structure of electrodeposition as a template for an ultrarobust self-cleaning surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:16571–16580. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15745
Rajeshwar K, Osugi ME, Chanmanee W et al (2008) Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes in air and aqueous media. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev 9:171–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.09.001
Ramanathan G, Murali KR (2022) Photocatalytic activity of SnO2 nanoparticles. J Appl Electrochem 52:849–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-022-01676-z
Ramanathan G, Xavier RJ, Murali KR (2012) Sol gel dip coated tin oxide thin films. Elixir Thin Film Technol 50:10588–10590
Rana M, Hao B, Mu L et al (2016) Development of multi-functional cotton fabrics with Ag/AgBr–TiO2 nanocomposite coating. Compos Sci Technol 122:104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.016
Rashidi A, Shahidi S, Ghoranneviss M et al (2013) Effect of plasma on the Zeta potential of cotton fabrics. Plasma Sci Technol 15:455–458. https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/15/5/12
Rbsd R, Ca T, Zajid AMA et al (2018) Multi-functional cotton fabrics with self-assembled TiO2 nanoparticle Seed/TiO2 Nanorod/ZnO Nanoparticle/ stearic acid nanotechnological architectures. J Nanomater Mol Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000244
Rehan M, Hartwig A, Ott M et al (2013) Enhancement of photocatalytic self-cleaning activity and antimicrobial properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics. Surf Coat Technol 219:50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.01.003
Reidy B, Haase A, Luch A et al (2013) Mechanisms of silver nanoparticle release, transformation and toxicity: a critical review of current knowledge and recommendations for future studies and applications. Materials (Basel) 6:2295–2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6062295
Remzova M, Zouzelka R, Brzicova T et al (2019) Toxicity of TiO2, ZnO, and SiO2 nanoparticles in human lung cells: safe-by-design development of construction materials. Nanomaterials 9:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9070968
Reza KM, Kurny A, Gulshan F (2017) Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2: a review. Appl Water Sci 7:1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y
Riaz S, Park S-J (2020) An overview of TiO2-based photocatalytic membrane reactors for water and wastewater treatments. J Ind Eng Chem 84:23–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.021
Riaz S, Ashraf M, Hussain T, Hussain MT (2019) Modification of silica nanoparticles to develop highly durable superhydrophobic and antibacterial cotton fabrics. Cellulose 26:5159–5175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02440-x
Rilda Y, Fadhli F, Syukri S et al (2016) Self-cleaning TiO2–SiO2 clusters on cotton textile prepared by dip-spin coating process. J Teknol. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.9165
Rilda Y, Meranti A, Citra Y et al (2021) Self-Cleaning and Superhidrofilic Surface Cotton by Nanocomposite TiO 2 -SiO 2 -Chitosan. Mater Res Innov 25:348–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2020.1819001
Roach P, Shirtcliffe NJ, Newton MI (2008) Progess in superhydrophobic surface development. Soft Matter 4:224–240. https://doi.org/10.1039/B712575P
Roe B, Kotek R, Zhang X (2012) Durable hydrophobic cotton surfaces prepared using silica nanoparticles and multifunctional silanes. J Text Inst 103:385–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2011.580540
Romagnoli MJ, Gonzalez JS, Martinez MA, Alvarez VA (2020) Micro- and nanotechnology applied on eco-friendly smart textiles. Handbook of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for energy and environmental applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 1–19
Romolini G, Gambucci M, Ricciarelli D et al (2021) Photocatalytic activity of silica and silica-silver nanocolloids based on photo-induced formation of reactive oxygen species. Photochem Photobiol Sci 20:1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00089-9
Rotenberg Y, Boruvka L, Neumann A (1983) Determination of surface tension and contact angle from the shapes of axisymmetric fluid interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 93:169–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(83)90396-X
Roy S, Zhai L, Kim JW et al (2020) A novel approach of developing sustainable cellulose coating for self-cleaning-healing fabric. Prog Org Coat 140:105500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105500
Saad SR, Mahmed N, Abdullah MMAB, Sandu AV (2016) Self-cleaning technology in fabric: a review. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 133:012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/133/1/012028
Saalinraj S, Ajithprasad KC (2017) Effect of calcination temperature on non-linear absorption co-efficient of nano sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) synthesised by sol–gel method. Mater Today Proc 4:4372–4379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.04.008
Saha R, Subramani K, Petchi Muthu Raju SAK et al (2018) Psidium guajava leaf extract-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles under different processing parameters for hydrophobic and antibacterial finishing over cotton fabrics. Prog Org Coat 124:80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.08.004
Saleem H, Zaidi SJ (2020) Sustainable use of nanomaterials in textiles and their environmental impact. Mater (Basel) 13:1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225134
Saleh TA, Baig N (2019) Efficient chemical etching procedure for the generation of superhydrophobic surfaces for separation of oil from water. Prog Org Coat 133:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.03.049
Salman A, Metwally FA, Elbisi M, Emara GAM (2020) Applications of nanotechnology and advancements in smart wearable textiles: an overview. Egypt J Chem 63:2177–2184. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2019.18223.2112
Saravanan R, Gupta VK, Narayanan V, Stephen A (2013) Comparative study on photocatalytic activity of ZnO prepared by different methods. J Mol Liq 181:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2013.02.023
Saravanan C, Rajesh R, Kaviarasan T et al (2017a) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacterial exopolysaccharide and its application for degradation of azo-dyes. Biotechnol Rep 15:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.006
Saravanan R, Gracia F, Stephen A (2017b) Basic principles, mechanism, and challenges of photocatalysis. In: Khan M, Pradhan D, Sohn Y (eds) Nanocomposites for visible light-induced photocatalysis. Springer, Cham, pp 19–40
Sas I, Gorga RE, Joines JA, Thoney KA (2012) Literature review on superhydrophobic self-cleaning surfaces produced by electrospinning. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 50:824–845. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.23070
Sasmal AK, Mondal C, Sinha AK et al (2014) Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper surface on various substrates for roll-off, self-cleaning, and water/oil separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:22034–22043. https://doi.org/10.1021/am5072892
Sayılkan F, Asiltürk M, Tatar P et al (2008) Photocatalytic performance of Sn-doped TiO2 nanostructured thin films for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under UV and VIS-lights. Mater Res Bull 43:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.02.012
Scacchetti FAP, Pinto E, Soares G (2017) A multifunctional cotton fabric using TiO2 and PCMs: introducing thermal comfort and self-cleaning properties. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 254:122011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/254/12/122011
Serpone N (2000) Photocatalysis. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. Wiley, Hoboken
Sethi S, Ge L, Ci L et al (2008) Gecko-inspired carbon nanotube-based self-cleaning adhesives. Nano Lett 8:822–825. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0727765
Shaban M, Abdallah S, Khalek AA (2016) Characterization and photocatalytic properties of cotton fibers modified with ZnO nanoparticles using sol–gel spin coating technique. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 5:277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.08.003
Shaban M, Mohamed F, Abdallah S (2018) Production and characterization of superhydrophobic and antibacterial coated fabrics utilizing ZnO nanocatalyst. Sci Rep 8:3925. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22324-7
Shahid-ul-Islam, Shabbir M, Mohammad F (2017) Insights into the functional finishing of textile materials using nanotechnology. In: Muthu S (ed) Textiles and clothing sustainability. Springer, Singapore, pp 97–115
Shahidi S, Ahmadi M, Rashidi A, Ghoranneviss M (2015) Effect of plasma treatment on self-cleaning of textile fabric using titanium dioxide. Micro Nano Lett 10:408–413. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2015.0053
Shalini R, Thirumurugan K, Ravichandran K et al (2022) Morphological modification and charge carrier separation in tin oxide nanomaterials towards improved photocatalytic dye degradation: enzyme coupling: an effective way. Mater Lett 318:132142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132142
Shen L, Wang B, Wang J et al (2012) Asymmetric free-standing film with multifunctional anti-bacterial and self-cleaning properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4476–4483. https://doi.org/10.1021/am301118f
Sheng C, Yang L, Zhang H et al (2021) One-step hydrothermal method to prepare superhydrophobic cotton fabric with antibacterial properties. J Eng Fiber Fabr. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250211066095
Sher Shah MSA, Park AR, Zhang K et al (2012) Green synthesis of biphasic TiO2–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with highly enhanced photocatalytic activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:3893–3901. https://doi.org/10.1021/am301287m
Shishoo R (2002) Recent developments in materials for use in protective clothing. Int J Cloth Sci Technol 14:201–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/09556220210437167
Sivakumar S, Manikandan E (2019) Enhanced structural, optical, electrochemical and magnetic behavior on manganese doped tin oxide nanoparticles via chemical precipitation method. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 30:7606–7617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01076-8
Sivalingam G, Nagaveni K, Hegde MS, Madras G (2003) Photocatalytic degradation of various dyes by combustion synthesized nano anatase TiO2. Appl Catal B Environ 45:23–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(03)00124-3
Soares ET, Lansarin MA, Moro CC (2007) A study of process variables for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. Braz J Chem Eng 24:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322007000100003
Sobczyński A, Dobosz A (2001) Water purification by photocatalysis on semiconductors. Pol J Environ Stud 10:195–205
Sohrabi M, Ghavami M (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red 23 dye using UV/TiO2: effect of operational parameters. J Hazard Mater 153:1235–1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.114
Sreekar Reddy K, Nithiyanantham S, Geetha G et al (2019) Study of structural and optical properties of Fe2+ doped tin oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Appl 8:8–12. https://doi.org/10.32732/jma.2019.8.1.8
Stan M, Nica I, Dinischiotu A et al (2016) Photocatalytic, antimicrobial and biocompatibility features of cotton knit coated with Fe-N-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 9:789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9090789
Steele A, Bayer I, Loth E (2009) Inherently superoleophobic nanocomposite coatings by spray atomization. Nano Lett 9:501–505. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl8037272
Štengl V, Bakardjieva S, Murafa N (2009) Preparation and photocatalytic activity of rare earth doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys 114:217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.025
Sun T, Liu Y, Shen L et al (2020) Magnetic field assisted arrangement of photocatalytic TiO2 particles on membrane surface to enhance membrane antifouling performance for water treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 570:273–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.008
Sundaresan K, Sivakumar A, Vigneswaran C, Ramachandran T (2012) Influence of nano titanium dioxide finish, prepared by sol–gel technique, on the ultraviolet protection, antimicrobial, and self-cleaning characteristics of cotton fabrics. J Ind Text 41:259–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083711414962
Suryaprabha T, Sethuraman MG (2017) Fabrication of copper-based superhydrophobic self-cleaning antibacterial coating over cotton fabric. Cellulose 24:395–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1110-z
Sutar RS, Manadeshi SD, Latthe SS et al (2020) Superhydrophobic coating using TiO2 NPs/PMHS composite for self-cleaning application. Macromol Symp 393:2000033. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202000033
Tada H, Kokubu A, Iwasaki M, Ito S (2004) Deactivation of the TiO2 photocatalyst by coupling with WO 3 and the electrochemically assisted high photocatalytic activity of WO3. Langmuir 20:4665–4670. https://doi.org/10.1021/la036104f
Tan B, Gao B, Guo J et al (2013) A comparison of TiO2 coated self-cleaning cotton by the sols from peptizing and hydrothermal routes. Surf Coat Technol 232:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.048
Tang X, Yan X (2017) Dip-coating for fibrous materials: mechanism, methods and applications. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 81:378–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4197-7
Tao C, Zou X, Du K et al (2018) Fabrication of robust, self-cleaning, broadband TiO2SiO2 double-layer antireflective coatings with closed-pore structure through a surface sol–gel process. J Alloys Compd 747:43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.008
Tarpani L, Ruhlandt D, Latterini L et al (2016) Photoactivation of luminescent Centers in single SiO2 nanoparticles. Nano Lett 16:4312–4316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01361
Teo WE, Ramakrishna S (2006) A review on electrospinning design and nanofibre assemblies. Nanotechnology 17:R89–R106. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/14/R01
Tian G, Pan K, Fu H et al (2009) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO2–ZrO2 nanoparticles under visible-light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 166:939–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.090
Tourinho PS, van Gestel CAM, Lofts S et al (2012) Metal-based nanoparticles in soil: fate, behavior, and effects on soil invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 31:1679–1692. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1880
Tran Thi VH, Lee B-K (2017) Development of multifunctional self-cleaning and UV blocking cotton fabric with modification of photoactive ZnO coating via microwave method. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 338:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.01.020
Tsuzuki T, Wang X (2010) Nanoparticle coatings for UV protective textiles. Res J Text Appar 14:9–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/RJTA-14-02-2010-B002
Tudu BK, Sinhamahapatra A, Kumar A (2020) Surface modification of cotton fabric using TiO2 nanoparticles for self-cleaning, oil–water separation, antistain, anti-water absorption, and antibacterial properties. ACS Omega 5:7850–7860. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b04067
Tung WS, Daoud WA (2011) Self-cleaning fibers via nanotechnology: a virtual reality. J Mater Chem 21:7858. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm03856c
Tyona MD (2013) A theoritical study on spin coating technique. Adv Mater Res 2:195–208. https://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2013.2.4.195
Uddin MJ, Cesano F, Scarano D et al (2008) Cotton textile fibres coated by Au/TiO2 films: synthesis, characterization and self cleaning properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 199:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.05.004
Ugur ŞS, Sariişik M, Aktaş AH (2010) The fabrication of nanocomposite thin films with TiO2 nanoparticles by the layer-by-layer deposition method for multifunctional cotton fabrics. Nanotechnology 21:325603. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/32/325603
Uğur ŞS, Sarıışık AM, Çavuşlar E, Ertek M (2017) Development of self-cleaning denim fabrics. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 254:122012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/254/12/122012
Umair Arshad HM, Anwar H, Javed Y et al (2019) Investigation of photo-catalytic degradation of methylene orange dye using titanium dioxide–zinc oxide nanocomposites. Mater Res Express 6:125009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab541c
Vadiraj KT, Shivaraju HP (2022) Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Industrial Dyes and Colorants. In: Muthu, S.S., Khadir, A. (eds) Advanced Oxidation Processes in Dye-Containing Wastewater. Springer: Singapore, pp 233–251
Vasiljević J, Gorjanc M, Tomšič B et al (2013) The surface modification of cellulose fibres to create super-hydrophobic, oleophobic and self-cleaning properties. Cellulose 20:277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9812-3
Verma N, Kumar N (2019) Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: an Expanding Horizon. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 5:1170–1188. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01092
Vigneshwaran N (2009) Modification of textile surfaces using nanoparticles. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Sawston
Wang J, Zhao J, Sun L, Wang X (2015) A review on the application of photocatalytic materials on textiles. Text Res J 85:1104–1118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517514559583
Wang CX, Ren Y, Lv JC et al (2017) In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics modified by plasma induced vapor phase graft polymerization of acrylic acid for durable multifunction. Appl Surf Sci 396:1840–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.173
Wang Y, Baheti V, Khan MZ et al (2022) A facile approach to develop multifunctional cotton fabrics with hydrophobic, self-cleaning and UV protection properties using ZnO particles and fluorocarbon. J Text Inst 113:2238–2248. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2021.1975905
Wei BQ, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM (2001) Reliability and current carrying capacity of carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 79:1172–1174. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1396632
Wei DW, Wei H, Gauthier AC et al (2020) Superhydrophobic modification of cellulose and cotton textiles: methodologies and applications. J Bioresour Bioprod 5:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.03.001
Wellings JS, Chaure NB, Heavens SN, Dharmadasa IM (2008) Growth and characterisation of electrodeposited ZnO thin films. Thin Solid Films 516:3893–3898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.07.156
Wong YWH, Yuen CWM, Leung MYS et al (2006) Selected applications of nanotechnology in textiles. Autex Res J 6:1–8
Wu D, Long M, Zhou J et al (2009) Synthesis and characterization of self-cleaning cotton fabrics modified by TiO2 through a facile approach. Surf Coat Technol 203:3728–3733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.06.008
Xing Y, Yang X, Dai J (2007) Antimicrobial finishing of cotton textile based on water glass by sol–gel method. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 43:187–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1575-1
Xiong M, Ren Z, Liu W (2019) Fabrication of UV-resistant and superhydrophobic surface on cotton fabric by functionalized polyethyleneimine/SiO2 via layer-by-layer assembly and dip-coating. Cellulose 26:8951–8962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02705-5
Xu Y, Chen D, Jiao X, Xue K (2007) CuO microflowers composed of nanosheets: synthesis, characterization, and formation mechanism. Mater Res Bull 42:1723–1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.11.023
Xu L, Zhuang W, Xu B, Cai Z (2011a) Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics prepared by one-step water-based sol–gel coating. J Text Inst. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2011.569238
Xu Y, Xu H, Li H et al (2011b) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of new photocatalyst Ag/AgCl/ZnO. J Alloys Compd 509:3286–3292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.11.193
Xu Y, Xu H, Li H et al (2013) Ionic liquid oxidation synthesis of Ag@AgCl core–shell structure for photocatalytic application under visible-light irradiation. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 416:80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.07.014
Xu Q, Zhang W, Dong C et al (2016) Biomimetic self-cleaning surfaces: synthesis, mechanism and applications. J R Soc Interface 13:20160300. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0300
Xue C-H, Jia S-T, Zhang J, Tian L-Q (2009) Superhydrophobic surfaces on cotton textiles by complex coating of silica nanoparticles and hydrophobization. Thin Solid Films 517:4593–4598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.185
Xue C-H, Chen J, Yin W et al (2012) Superhydrophobic conductive textiles with antibacterial property by coating fibers with silver nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 258:2468–2472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.10.074
Xue C-H, Zhang P, Ma J-Z et al (2013) Long-lived superhydrophobic colorful surfaces. Chem Commun 49:3588. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc40895g
Xue C-H, Li Y-R, Zhang P et al (2014) Washable and wear-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces with self-cleaning property by chemical etching of fibers and hydrophobization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:10153–10161. https://doi.org/10.1021/am501371b
Xue C-H, Wu Y, Guo X-J et al (2020) Superhydrophobic, flame-retardant and conductive cotton fabrics via layer-by-layer assembly of carbon nanotubes for flexible sensing electronics. Cellulose 27:3455–3468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03013-z
Yadav HM, Kim J-S, Pawar SH (2016) Developments in photocatalytic antibacterial activity of nano TiO2: a review. Korean J Chem Eng 33:1989–1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0118-2
Yang M, Liu W, Jiang C et al (2019a) Robust fabrication of superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning cotton textile based on TiO2 and fluoroalkylsilane. J Mater Sci 54:2079–2092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3001-1
Yang M, Liu W, Jiang C et al (2019b) Facile construction of robust superhydrophobic cotton textiles for effective UV protection, self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 570:172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.024
Yang X, Su J, Xiong J, Wang H (2022) Preparation of nano-silica with radial wrinkle structures for self-cleaning and superhydrophobic coatings. Fibers Polym 23:1293–1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-022-4580-7
Yao L, He J (2014) Recent progress in antireflection and self-cleaning technology: from surface engineering to functional surfaces. Prog Mater Sci 61:94–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.12.003
Yao C, Yuan A, Zhang H et al (2019) Facile surface modification of textiles with photocatalytic carbon nitride nanosheets and the excellent performance for self-cleaning and degradation of gaseous formaldehyde. J Colloid Interface Sci 533:144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.058
Yin Y, Huang R, Zhang W et al (2016) Superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic switchable wettability via TiO2 photoinduction electrochemical deposition on cellulose substrate. Chem Eng J 289:99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.12.049
Yin XH, Xu YM, Lau ATY (2022) Nanoparticles: excellent materials yet dangerous when they become airborne. Toxics. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020050. (Toxics 10)
Yılmaz F, Bahtiyari Mİ (2022) An approach for multifunctional finishing of cotton with the help of nano titanium silicon oxide. J Nat Fibers 19:3467–3474. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1848704
Yokoo A, Namatsu H (2008) Nanoelectrode lithography: chemical nanoimprint that transfers a pattern by electrochemical reaction. NTT Tech Rev 6:1–8
Yoon JW, Park Y, Kim J, Park CH (2017) Multi-jet electrospinning of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blend: thermal and mechanical properties. Fash Text 4:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-017-0090-4
Yu M, Gu G, Meng W-D, Qing F-L (2007) Superhydrophobic cotton fabric coating based on a complex layer of silica nanoparticles and perfluorooctylated quaternary ammonium silane coupling agent. Appl Surf Sci 253:3669–3673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.086
Yuan M, Teng Z, Wang S et al (2020) Polymeric carbon nitride modified polyacrylonitrile fabrics with efficient self-cleaning and water disinfection under visible light. Chem Eng J 391:123506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123506
Yuzer B, Aydın MI, Con AH et al (2022) Photocatalytic, self-cleaning and antibacterial properties of Cu(II) doped TiO2. J Environ Manage 302:114023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114023
Zahid M, Papadopoulou EL, Suarato G et al (2018) Fabrication of visible light-induced antibacterial and self-cleaning cotton fabrics using manganese doped TiO2 nanoparticles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 1:1154–1164. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.8b00357
Zawawi A, Ramli R, Yub Harun N (2017) Photodegradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]cl via synergistic effect of adsorption–photodegradation of Fe-TiO2/AC. Technologies 5:82. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies5040082
Zayed M, Othman H, Ghazal H, Hassabo AG (2021) Psidium Guajava leave extract as reducing agent for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its application to impart multifunctional properties for cellulosic fabrics. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 11:13535–13556
Žerjav G, Žižek K, Zavašnik J, Pintar A (2022) Brookite vs. rutile vs. anatase: What`s behind their various photocatalytic activities? J Environ Chem Eng 10:107722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107722
Zhang X, Shi F, Niu J et al (2008) Superhydrophobic surfaces: from structural control to functional application. J Mater Chem 18:621–633. https://doi.org/10.1039/B711226B
Zhang L, Dillert R, Bahnemann D, Vormoor M (2012) Photo-induced hydrophilicity and self-cleaning: models and reality. Energy Environ Sci 5:7491. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03390a
Zhang M, Feng S, Wang L, Zheng Y (2016) Lotus effect in wetting and self-cleaning. Biotribology 5:31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotri.2015.08.002
Zhang P, Dong S, Li B et al (2018) Durable and fluorine-free superhydrophobic coatings from palygorskite-rich spent bleaching earth. Appl Clay Sci 157:237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.02.018
Zhang N, Xiong G, Liu Z (2022) Toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles: challenges in the nano era. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1001572
Zhou X, Liu G, Yu J, Fan W (2012) Surface plasmon resonance-mediated photocatalysis by noble metal-based composites under visible light. J Mater Chem 22:21337. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm31902k
Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang M et al (2022) Electrospun nanofiber membranes for air filtration: a review. Nanomaterials 12:1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071077
Zhu C, Shi J, Xu S et al (2017) Design and characterization of self-cleaning cotton fabrics exploiting zinc oxide nanoparticle-triggered photocatalytic degradation. Cellulose 24:2657–2667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1289-7
Zhu T, Li S, Huang J et al (2017) Rational design of multi-layered superhydrophobic coating on cotton fabrics for UV shielding, self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Mater Des 134:342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.071
Zohoori S, Davodiroknabadi A (2013) Electrospinning of polyamide fiber containing nano TiO2 and the effect of heat, setting on self-cleaning. Orient J Chem 29:427
Acknowledgments
Technical supports from the “ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials”, Sherpur-2100, Bangladesh are gratefully acknowledged.
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SM has contributed to data collection and original draft preparation. MdRR has contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, original draft preparation and visualization. AH has contributed to validation and editing and reviewing. MAJ, TI and MMK have contributed to editing and reviewing. MdRR has supervised all stages of preparing the manuscript and contributed to approval of contents. All authors have read and agreed to the published final version of this review.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mollick, S., Repon, M.R., Haji, A. et al. Progress in self-cleaning textiles: parameters, mechanism and applications. Cellulose 30, 10633–10680 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05539-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05539-4