Abstract
The joint construction scheme of grouting reinforcement and blasting excavation is a highly efficient construction method for tunnels crossing soft, water-rich, and fractured geological zones. This paper focuses on the damage characteristics of the grouted surrounding rock induced by tunnel blasting. The variation law of acoustic wave velocity of grouted surrounding rock with the depth of each test hole was obtained by ultrasonic testing in the tunnel after blasting. By embedding the statistical damage constitutive model of rock mass based on stress criterion into the dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA, the damage of the surrounding rock under the influence of cyclic excavation blasting in the tunnel is analyzed. The damage distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock analyzed by numerical simulation is consistent with the damage distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock obtained by acoustic testing. The results show that the damage depth of the tunnel surrounding rock is 1.65 m ~ 2.79 m at the damage threshold of 0.19. The damage depth is 1.61 m ~ 2.69 m at the damage threshold of 0.28. Over the cross-section of the tunnel, the depth of damage is deepest at the bottom of the arch and shallowest at the foot of the arch of each bench of the tunnel. When the depth of damage to the surrounding rock is shallow, the degree of damage to the surrounding rock is large. When the damage depth of the surrounding rock is deeper, the degree of damage is generally smaller. The depth of damage is more than 2.5 m in the tunnel cross-section, within the range that needs to be reinforced. Finally, based on the depth of damage, the length of the anchors for the tunnel is proposed. Based on the distribution characteristics of the damage variables, a recommendation is made that the charge can be increased at the foot of the tunnel arch.
Highlights
-
A joint tunnelling scheme of grouting reinforcement and blasting excavation was used to cross the fault.
-
A statistical damage constitutive model of the rock mass was proposed and applied in dynamic simulation code LS-DYNA.
-
Numerical simulations of cumulative damage to the surrounding rock induced by 10 cycles of tunnel blasting were implemented.
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The damage distribution law of tunnel surrounding rock under tunnel blasting was analyzed.
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Abbreviations
- p(F):
-
Probability density function of the failure of the rock mass micro-element
- F :
-
The distribution variable of the random distribution of the micro-element strength
- F 0 :
-
Scale parameter of a Weibull distribution
- m :
-
Shape parameter of a Weibull distribution
- D :
-
Damage variable
- N :
-
Total number of initial micro-elements
- N f :
-
Number of failure micro-elements
- σ 1 :
-
Maximum principal stress
- σ td :
-
Dynamic tensile stress
- σ cd :
-
Dynamic compression stress
- J 2 :
-
The second invariant of stress
- ε v :
-
Volume strain
- D t :
-
Tensile damage variable
- m t :
-
Tensile damage parameter
- D c :
-
Compressive damage variable
- m c :
-
Compression damage parameter
- \(\overline{E}_{{\text{d}}}\) :
-
Effective elastic modulus
- E d :
-
Dynamic elastic modulus of the material in the undamaged state
- \(\overline{G}_{{\text{d}}}\) :
-
Dynamic elastic modulus of the rock mass in the undamaged state
- G d :
-
Effective shear modulus
- dε ij :
-
Strain increment
- \(\overline{\lambda }\) :
-
Lame constant of the damaged rock mass
- σ i :
-
Stress
- S ij :
-
Deviator stress tensor
- α ij :
-
Moving tensor
- E p :
-
Plastic hardening modulus
- \(\varepsilon_{{{\text{eff}}}}^{{\text{p}}}\) :
-
Current yield limit
- \(\dot{\varepsilon }_{ij}^{{\text{p}}}\) :
-
Plastic strain rate
- \(\dot{\varepsilon }_{ij}\) :
-
Total strain rate
- \(\dot{\varepsilon }_{ij}^{{\text{e}}}\) :
-
Elastic strain rate
- P 0 :
-
Initial average pressure of the borehole
- ρ e :
-
Density of explosive
- V D :
-
Detonation velocity
- γ :
-
Isentropic exponent
- λ :
-
Adiabatic expansion constant
- d c :
-
Diameter of the charge
- d b :
-
Diameter of the borehole
- Q :
-
Detonation heat of the explosive
- P 0 :
-
Initial average pressure of the borehole
- P 1 :
-
Equivalent blasting load in the case of a group borehole detonation
- β :
-
Damping factor
- k :
-
Impact coefficient when the group of cut holes detonated
- r 0 :
-
Radius of the borehole
- r 1 :
-
Radius of the crushed area under the column charge
- r 2 :
-
Radius of the fractured area
- \(\upsilon\) :
-
Poisson's ratio
- RQD :
-
Rock quality designation
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant number 41972286).
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Lyu, G., Zhou, C. & Jiang, N. Experimental and Numerical Study on Tunnel Blasting Induced Damage Characteristics of Grouted Surrounding Rock in Fault Zones. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 603–617 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03055-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03055-8