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Hemicellulose additive to chitosan-based bioplastic improved the tensile strength and allowed to control the material swelling

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Abstract

This study assessed bioplastics made from different mass proportions of commercial chitosan and banana plant pseudostem-derived hemicelluloses. The bioplastics were prepared by the casting method and characterized for moisture content, water solubility, opacity, water absorption, tensile strength, and thermogravimetric properties. The formulations with hemicelluloses addition showed higher moisture content and water solubility than the chitosan-only bioplastic, the maximum values of these properties (22.3 and 22.4%) were achieved when hemicelluloses were added at the proportion of 10 and 5%, respectively. A positive linear correlation (r = 0.86) was found between added hemicelluloses and opacity, with the highest opacity (1.95 mm−1) achieved in the formulation with the maximum hemicellulose incorporation. The bioplastics containing hemicelluloses exhibited lower swelling (water absorption) than that made only of chitosan, with the formulation featuring the highest hemicelluloses content showed the lowest swelling (229.2%). A negative linear correlation (r = 0.95) was observed between added hemicelluloses and swelling values. The formulation with the highest hemicelluloses content demonstrated statistically significant differences and exhibited the highest tensile strength (18.7 MPa) and Young’s modulus (66.1 MPa). Thermogravimetric analysis revealed four stages of mass loss in the bioplastics. Hemicelluloses addition decreased the temperature at maximum mass loss, and the formulation with the lowest hemicelluloses content showed a higher degradation rate than the others.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian Improvement Coordination of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Process Number 303039/2021-2), São Paulo Research Foundation and Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-FAPESP, Process Number 2017/22401-8; 2021/10839-4) for its financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Research in Bioenergy (Ipben), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, 135030-200, Brazil

    Hernan Dario Zamora Zamora & Michel Brienzo

  2. Department of General and Applied Biology, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), 24-A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil

    Henrique Ferreira

  3. DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Andrij Pich

  4. Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Andrij Pich

  5. Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands

    Andrij Pich

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Zamora Zamora, H.D., Ferreira, H., Pich, A. et al. Hemicellulose additive to chitosan-based bioplastic improved the tensile strength and allowed to control the material swelling. Polym. Bull. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05152-w

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