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Development of conductive poly (para-aminophenol)/zinc oxide nanocomposites for optoelectronic devices

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Abstract

The use of novel metal oxide nanoparticles reinforced polymeric materials with superior optical properties, dielectric constant and electrical conductivities has sparked a lot of interest in optoelectronic device fabrication. Herein, zinc oxide (ZnO) reinforced poly(para-aminophenol) (PpAP) was prepared and characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical bandgap energy calculated using the Tauc equation displays a decreasing trend while that of the refractive index rises sharply with ZnO content up to 7 wt% loadings. The XRD and TEM results confirm the alteration in the structure of PpAP and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the nanocomposites, respectively. The DSC showed an increase in glass transition temperatures with the addition of ZnO. The temperature-dependent dielectric parameters and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites were also investigated. The dielectric properties significantly declined with frequency and increased with temperature, showing the presence of the Maxwell–Wagner-Sillars polarisation effect and space charge–discharge. The increasing trend of AC conductivity with frequency and temperature emphasises the thermally activated small polaron hopping mechanism. The activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius equation decreases with increasing frequency and minimum values obtained for 7 wt% loadings. The thermally triggered dielectric relaxations were implied by the electric modulus analysis and the decreasing radius of semicircles in the Nyquist plot with increasing temperature verifies the thermally activated conduction mechanism. Different theoretical models were used to correlate the increase in DC conductivity with filler concentrations, and the conductivity predicted by McCullough model was in good agreement with experimental DC conductivity.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Centre for Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Calicut, 673-635, Kerala, India

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Furhan, Ramesan, M.T. Development of conductive poly (para-aminophenol)/zinc oxide nanocomposites for optoelectronic devices. Polym. Bull. 80, 6405–6432 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04373-1

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