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Evolutionary relationship ofHLA-DRB genes inferred from intron sequences

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Abstract

The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) consists of class I and class II genes. In the humanMhc (HLA) class II genes, nineDRB loci have been identified. To elucidate the origin of these duplicated loci and allelic divergences at the most polymorphicDRBI locus, introns 4 and 5 as well as the 3′ untranslated region (altogether approximately 1,000 base pairs) of sevenHLA-DRB loci, threeHLA-DRBI alleles, and nine nonhuman primateDRB genes were examined. It is shown that there were two major diversification events inHLA-DRB genes, each involving gene duplications and allelic divergences. Approximately 50 million years (my) ago,DRBI *04 and an ancestor of theDRB1 *03 cluster (DRBI *03, DRBI*15, andDRB3) diverged from each other andDRB5, DRB7, DRB8, and an ancestor of theDRB2 cluster (DRB2, DRB4, andDRB6) arose by gene duplication. Later, about 25 my ago,DRBI *15 diverged fromDRBI*03, andDRB3 was duplicated fromDRBI *03. Then, some 20 my ago, the lineage leading to theDRB2 cluster produced two new loci,DRB4 andDRB6. TheDRBI *03 andDRBI *04 allelic lineages are extraordinarily old and have persisted longer than some duplicated genes. The orthologous relationships ofDRB genes between human and Old World monkeys are apparent, but those between Catarrhini and New World monkeys are equivocal because of a rather rapid expansion and contraction of primateDRB genes by duplication and deletion.

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  1. Yoko Satta

    Present address: The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 240-01, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstr. 42, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Yoko Satta, Werner E. Mayer & Jan Klein

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 33101, Miami, FL, USA

    Jan Klein

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  1. Yoko Satta
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  2. Werner E. Mayer
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  3. Jan Klein
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Correspondence to: Y. Satta

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Satta, Y., Mayer, W.E. & Klein, J. Evolutionary relationship ofHLA-DRB genes inferred from intron sequences. J Mol Evol 42, 648–657 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338798

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