Abstract
A model of martensitic phase transitions is presented that is capable of accounting for a variety of surface effects associated with the localized interaction of coexisting phases of a material. Such phenomena are thought to play a critical role in determining the size, shape and stability of nucleated embryos as well as to affect the conditions under which nucleation occurs. Attention is restricted to transitions that are mechanically induced, and the model does not account for temperature effects. Materials that undergo martensitic phase changes are modeled as hyperelastic in both the bulk and the interface. The characterization of such bodies is examined in detail, and a representation theorem is presented for isotropic, hyperelastic interfaces in terms of two scalar invariants associated with the deformation of the interface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z. Nishiyama,Martensitic Transformation. Academic Press, New York (1978).
R. V. Krishnan and L. C. Brown, Martensitic transformations in β Ag-Cd alloys.Metallurgical Transactions 4 (1973) 1017–1022.
L. Chang, On diffusionless transformation in Au-Cd single crystals containing 47.5 atomic weight percent Cadmium: characteristics of single interface transformation.Journal of Applied Physics 23 (1952) 725–728.
Ahlers M., Martensite and equilibrium phases in Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Al alloys.Progress in Materials Science 30 (1986) 135–186.
K. Otsuka, M. Takahashi and K. Shimizu, Single interface martensitic transformation in Cu-Al-Ni alloy.Metallurgical Transactions 4 (1973) 2003–2006.
M. Grujicic, G. B. Olson and W. S. Owen, Mobility of the 225–1 martensitic interface, Part I. experimental measurements.Metallurgical Transactions 16A (1985) 1723–1734.
M. W. Burkart and T. A. Read, Diffusionless phase transformation in the Indium-Thallium system.Journal of Metals 4 (1953) 1516–1524.
B. Budiansky, J. W. Hutchinson and J. C. Lambropoulos, Continuum theory of dilatant transformation toughening in ceramics.International Journal of Solids and Structures 19 (1983) 337–355.
J. C. Lambropoulos, Shear, shape and orientation effects in transformation toughening.International Journal of Solids and Structures 22 (1983) 1083–1106.
H. Ruf and A. G. Evans, Toughening by monoclinic zirconia.Journal of the American Ceramics Society 66 (1983) 328–332.
L. Delaey, R. V. Krishnan, H. Tas and H. Warlimont, Thermoelasticity, pseudoelasticity and the memory effects associated with martensitic transformations, Part 2: The macroscopic mechanical behavior.Journal of Materials Science 9 (1974) 1536–1544.
J. L. Ericksen, Equilibrium of bars.Journal of Elasticity 5 (1975) 191–201.
J. K. Knowles and E. Sternberg, On the ellipticity of the equations of nonlinear elastostatics for a special material.Journal of Elasticity 5 (1975) 341–361.
J. K. Knowles and E. Sternberg, On the failure of ellipticity and the emergence of discontinuous deformation gradients in plane finite elastostatics.Journal of Elasticity 8 (1978) 329–379.
J. K. Knowles, On the dissipation associated with equilibrium shocks in finite elasticity.Journal of Elasticity 9 (1979) 131–158.
R. Abeyaratne, Discontinuous deformation gradients in plane finite elastostatics of incompressible materials.Journal of Elasticity 10 (1980) 255–293.
R. D. James, The propagation of phase boundaries in elastic bars.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 73 (1980) 125–158.
R. D. James, Displacive phase transformations in solids.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 34 (1986) 359–394.
R. L. Fosdick and G. MacSithigh, Helical shear of an elastic, circular tube with a non-convex stored energy.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 84 (1983) 31–53.
M. E. Gurtin, Two-phase deformations of elastic solids.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 84 (1983) 1–29.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, Non-elliptic elastic materials and the modeling of dissipative mechanical behavior: An example.Journal of Elasticity 18 (1987) 227–278.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, Non-elliptic materials and the modeling of elastic-plastic behavior for finite deformation.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 35 (1987) 343–365.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, On the dissipative response due to discontinuous strains in bars of unstable elastic materials.International Journal of Solids and Structures 24 (1988) 1021–1044.
D. Kinderlehrer, Equilibrium configuration of crystals.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 103 (1988) 237–277.
S. A. Silling, Numerical studies of loss of ellipticity near singularities in an elastic material.Journal of Elasticity 19 (1988) 213–239.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, Kinetic relations and the propagation of phase boundaries in solids.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 114 (1991) 119–154.
Q. Jiang, A continuum model for phase transformation in thermoelastic solids.Journal of Elasticity. To appear.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, On the driving traction acting on a surface of strain discontinuity in a continuum.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 38 (1990) 345–360.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, Implications of viscosity and strain gradient effects for the kinetics of propagating phase boundaries.SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics 51 (1991) 1201–1221.
R. Abeyaratne and J. K. Knowles, On the propagation of maximally dissipative phase boundaries in solids.Quarterly Journal of Applied Mathematics 50 (1992) 149–172.
P. Rosakis, Ellipticity and deformations with discontinuous gradients in finite elastostatics.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 109 (1990) 1–37.
E. Fried, Stability of a two-phase process involving a planar phase boundary in a thermoelastic solid.Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 4 (1991) 59–79.
T. Pence, On the encounter of an acoustic shear pulse with a phase boundary in an elastic material: reflection and transmission behavior.Journal of Elasticity 25 (1991) 31–74.
P. Rosakis, Compact zones of shear transformation in an anisotropic body.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 40 (1992) 1163–1195.
H. B. Callen,Thermodynamics. John Wiley and Sons, London (1960).
B. Chalmers,Principles of Solidification. Wiley, New York (1964).
W. J. Dunning, General and theoretical introduction. In A. C. Zettlemoyer (ed.),Nucleation. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1969).
A. B. Pippard,The Elements of Classical Thermodynamics. Cambridge University Press (1981).
I. Muller,Thermodynamics. Pitman, Boston (1985).
H. Ulbricht, J. Schmeilzer, R. Mahnke and F. Schweitzer,Thermodynamics of Finite Systems and the Kinetics of Five-Order Phase Transitions. Teuber-Text Zur Physik, Leipzig (1988).
C. Herring, Surface tension as a motivation for sintering. In W. Kingston (ed.),The Physics of Powder Metallurgy. McGraw Hill, New York (1951).
C. Herring, Some theorems on the free energies of crystal surfaces.Physical Review 82 (1951) 87–93.
J. R. Rice, Inelastic constitutive relations for solids: An internal variable theory and its application to metal plasticity.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 19 (1971) 433–455.
J. R. Rice, Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics of plasticity in relation to microscale deformation mechanisms. In A. S. Argon (ed.),Constitutive Equations in Plasticity. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1975).
M. Lusk, Martensitic phase transition with surface effects.Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology (1992).
M. E. Gurtin and A. Struthers, Multi-phse thermomechanics and interfacial structure 3. Evolving phase boundaries in the presence of bulk deformation.Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 112 (1990) 97–160.
M. Lusk, On martensitic phase nucleation with surface effects.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 42 (1994) 241–282.
P. H. Leo and R. F. Sekerka, The effect of surface stress on crystal-melt and crystal-crystal equilibrium.Acta Metallurgica 37 (1989) 3119–3138.
J. W. Cahn and D. W. Hoffman, A vector thermodynamics for anisotropic surfaces. 1. Fundamentals and application to plane surface junctions.Surfaces Science 31 (1972) 368–388.
D. W. Hoffman and J. W. Cahn, A vector thermodynamics for anisotropic surfaces. 2. Curved and faceted surfaces.Acta Metallurgica 22 (1974) 1205–1214.
P. G. Ciarlet,Mathematical Elasticity Volume I: Three-dimensional Elasticity. North-Holland, New York (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lusk, M. Martensitic phase transitions with surface effects. J Elasticity 34, 191–227 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040764
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040764