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Microbial-Assisted Systems for Lignin-Based Product Generation

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Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Abstract

Lignin is an abundant polyphenol found in the plant cell wall. In an enzyme-catalysed reaction, the monomeric monolignols p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol as phenylpropanoids form lignin. The composition of lignin differs across the plants with respect to the presence of monomers. It is difficult to degrade and act as a recalcitrant in the carbon cycle. Structural heterogeneity of lignin is a major hindrance in the bioconversion of specific by-products.

Basidiomycetes, white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and certain aerobic bacteria can partially and totally degrade lignin with or without the use of mediators. Major enzymes involved in lignin degradation include manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, and laccase. The microbial-assisted systems with their enzymes can modify and biotransform lignin into a wide range of small molecular weight products. Lignin is an economical relatively non-toxic and renewable substrate for biotransformation processes. Lignin and its degradation products can be utilised for a variety of industrial applications including flavouring agents, polymers, biodegradable plastics, adhesives, fillers foam, insulators, etc. They have proven to have therapeutic benefits such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antibiotics, and antimicrobials agent.

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Abbreviations

API:

Atmospheric pressure ionisation

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulphoxide

DyP:

Dye-decolourising peroxidase

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

FTMS:

Full scan mass spectrometry

HBT:

1-hydroxybenzotriazole

HRMS:

High-resolution mass spectrometry

Lac:

Laccase

LiP:

Lignin peroxidase

LLE:

Liquid-liquid extraction

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation

MnP:

Manganese peroxidase

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PA:

Polyamide

PE:

Polyester

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PO:

Polyol

PU:

Polyurethane

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

VP:

Versatile peroxidase

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to UGC SAP project no. F.3-14/2016/DRS-I (SAP-II) and Chhattisgarh Council of Science and Technology (CCOST), Raipur, India (sanction order no: 2142/MRP/2015).

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    Harit Jha & Ragini Arora

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  1. Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Pradeep Verma

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Jha, H., Arora, R. (2022). Microbial-Assisted Systems for Lignin-Based Product Generation. In: Verma, P. (eds) Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5214-1_19

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