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The Wheat Black Jack: Advances Towards Sequencing the 21 Chromosomes of Bread Wheat

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Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources

Abstract

Despite its socio-economic importance and the overall recognition that a reference genome sequence has great value for crop improvement, sequencing the wheat genome has long been considered “impossible” because of the sequencing cost and bioinformatic challenges associated with the assembly of the mostly repetitive 17 Gb hexaploid genome. In the past 5 years, however, new platforms and technologies have emerged that enabled the launching of an international effort to tackle the bread wheat genome sequence using a chromosome-by-chromosome approach. In this chapter, we review the features of the wheat genome as well as the tools and technologies that can be used to sequence, assemble, and annotate a large, complex, polyploid genome. We describe the strategies and current status of the efforts towards achieving a reference sequence for the 21 chromosomes of bread wheat. Finally, we present the databases that were established to support the integration of the sequence information with other genetic and biological information.

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank Hadi Quesneville, Daphné Verdelet, Kirsley Chennen for their feedback on wheat databases. H.Š., J.Š. and J.D. are supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, the European Regional Development Fund (Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovations No. ED0007/01/01) and by the Czech Science Foundation (award no. P501/10/1740). F. C., P. L. and C. F. are supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme TriticeaeGenome (grant agreement n°FP7–212019), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR(09-GENM-025), FranceAgriMer (201006-015-104) and the competitiveness cluster “Céréales Vallée” (http://www.cereales-vallee.org/default_gb.cfm).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA Joint Research Unit 1095 Genetics, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Frédéric Choulet, Philippe Leroy & Catherine Feuillet

  2. Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, University Blaise Pascal Joint Research Unit 1095 Genetics, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Frédéric Choulet, Philippe Leroy & Catherine Feuillet

  3. The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, UK

    Mario Caccamo, Jonathan Wright & Jane Rogers

  4. INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité de Recherche en Génomique-Info, UR 1164, Versailles, France

    Michael Alaux

  5. Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Hana Šimková, Jan Šafář & Jaroslav Doležel

  6. International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Eversole Associates, Wyoming Road 5207, Bethesda, USA

    Kellye Eversole

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  1. Frédéric Choulet
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Correspondence to Frédéric Choulet .

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  1. Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Roberto Tuberosa

  2. Genebank, IPK, Gatersleben, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

    Andreas Graner

  3. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy

    Emile Frison

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Choulet, F. et al. (2014). The Wheat Black Jack: Advances Towards Sequencing the 21 Chromosomes of Bread Wheat. In: Tuberosa, R., Graner, A., Frison, E. (eds) Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7572-5_17

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