Skip to main content

Neural Proliferations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Dermatopathology

Abstract

In this chapter, neural proliferations and any associated syndromes that involve the skin are addressed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gye J, Nam C, Kim JS, Kim JY, Hong SP, Park BC, Kim M. Multiple traumatic neuromas after laser ablation treatment for viral warts. J Dermatol. 2014;41(1):111–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Salcedo E, Soldano AC, Chen L, Rokhsar CK, Tam ST, Meehan SA, Kamino H. Traumatic neuromas of the penis: a clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36(2):229–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Leber GE, Gosain AK. Surgical excision of pedunculated supernumerary digits prevents traumatic amputation neuromas. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20(2):108–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Li Q, Gao EL, Yang YL, Hu HY, Hu XQ. Traumatic neuroma in a patient with breast cancer after mastectomy: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 2012;10:35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Rainsbury JW, Whiteside OJ, Bottrill ID. Traumatic facial nerve neuroma following mastoid surgery: a case report and literature review. J Laryngol Otol. 2007;121(6):601–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Anand P, Terenghi G, Birch R, Wellmer A, Cedarbaum JM, Lindsay RM, Williams-Chestnut RE, Sinicropi DV. Endogenous NGF and CNTF levels in human peripheral nerve injury. Neuroreport. 1997;8(8):1935–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kryger GS, Kryger Z, Zhang F, Shelton DL, Lineaweaver WC, Buncke HJ. Nerve growth factor inhibition prevents traumatic neuroma formation in the rat. J Hand Surg Am. 2001;26(4):635–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ro LS, Chen ST, Tang LM, Jacobs JM. Effect of NGF and anti-NGF on neuropathic pain in rats following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Pain. 1999;79(2–3):265–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chao M, Casaccia-Bonnefil P, Carter B, Chittka A, Kong H, Yoon SO. Neurotrophin receptors: mediators of life and death. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998;26(2–3):295–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Boyd KP, Korf BR, Theos A. Neurofibromatosis type 1. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(1):1–14. quiz 15–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Friedman JM. Neurofibromatosis 1: clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria. J Child Neurol 2002;17(8): 548–54; discussion 571–542, 646–551.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Uusitalo E, Leppavirta J, Koffert A, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Vahlberg T, Poyhonen M, Peltonen J, Peltonen S. Incidence and mortality of neurofibromatosis: a total population study in Finland. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(3):904–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Casado-Verrier B, Feito-Rodriguez M, Noval S, Martinez-Glez V, Lapunzina P, De Lucas-Laguna R. Cutaneous and ophthalmic signs as a clue to early diagnosis of severe neurofibromatosis type 2: report of a novel mutation that predicts this poor prognosis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014;39(4):557–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nguyen TV, Matthews MR, Barrera FF, Browning JC. Multiple cutaneous plexiform schwannomas as initial presentation of neurofibromatosis 2 in a 9-year-old. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29(4):536–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Waggoner DJ, Towbin J, Gottesman G, Gutmann DH. Clinic-based study of plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. Am J Med Genet. 2000;92(2):132–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Leroy K, Dumas V, Martin-Garcia N, Falzone MC, Voisin MC, Wechsler J, Revuz J, Creange A, Levy E, Lantieri L, Zeller J, Wolkenstein P. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of 17 patients. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(7):908–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cho E, Kim HS, Lee JY, Kim HO, Park YM. Localized hypertrichosis overlying neurofibroma. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(12):1623–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. van Zuuren EJ, Posma AN. Diffuse neurofibroma on the lower back. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(6):938–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Jokinen CH, Argenyi ZB. Atypical neurofibroma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: clinicopathologic analysis of 11 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(1):35–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Val-Bernal JF, Gonzalez-Vela MC. Cutaneous lipomatous neurofibroma: characterization and frequency. J Cutan Pathol. 2005;32(4):274–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Novoa RA, Kovarik CL, Low DW, Argenyi Z. Cutaneous epithelioid melanocytic neurofibroma arising in a patient with neurofibromatosis-1. J Cutan Pathol. 2014;41(5):457–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Santa Cruz DJ, Yates AJ. Pigmented storiform neurofibroma. J Cutan Pathol. 1977;4(1):9–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Friedrich RE, Hartmann M, Mautner VF. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) in NF1-affected children. Anticancer Res. 2007;27(4A):1957–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Neville HL, Andrassy RJ, Lally KP, Corpron C, Ross MI. Lymphatic mapping with sentinel node biopsy in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(6):961–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Liew MA, Coffin CM, Fletcher JA, Hang MT, Tanito K, Niimura M, Viskochil D. Peripheral nerve sheath tumors from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 do not have the chromosomal translocation t(X;18). Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2002;5(2):165–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Trufant JW, Brenn T, Fletcher CD, Virata AR, Cook DL, Bosenberg MW. Melanotic schwannoma arising in association with nevus of Ota: 2 cases suggesting a shared mechanism. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009;31(8):808–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kimura M, Kamata Y, Matsumoto K, Takaya H. Electron microscopical study on the tumor of von Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1974;24(1):79–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhu Y, Ghosh P, Charnay P, Burns DK, Parada LF. Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment. Science. 2002;296(5569):920–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Ferner RE, Gutmann DH. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): diagnosis and management. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:939–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Zhu Y, Yuan J, Li X, Yang X, Knowles S, Horn W, Li Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Vakili ST, Yu M, Burns D, Robertson K, Hutchins G, Parada LF, Clapp DW. Nf1-dependent tumors require a microenvironment containing Nf1+/− and c-kit-dependent bone marrow. Cell. 2008;135(3):437–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Ferner RE. Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2: a twenty first century perspective. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(4):340–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Karajannis MA, Ferner RE. Neurofibromatosis-related tumors: emerging biology and therapies. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014;27(1):26–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Jessen WJ, Miller SJ, Jousma E, Wu J, Rizvi TA, Brundage ME, Eaves D, Widemann B, Kim MO, Dombi E, Sabo J, Hardiman Dudley A, Niwa-Kawakita M, Page GP, Giovannini M, Aronow BJ, Cripe TP, Ratner N. MEK inhibition exhibits efficacy in human and mouse neurofibromatosis tumors. J Clin Invest. 2012;123(1):340–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Ammoun S, Schmid MC, Triner J, Manley P, Hanemann CO. Nilotinib alone or in combination with selumetinib is a drug candidate for neurofibromatosis type 2. Neuro Oncol. 2011;13(7):759–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Noh S, Do JE, Park JM, Jee H, Oh SH. Cutaneous schwannoma presented as a pedunculated protruding mass. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23 Suppl 2:S264–266.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Kneitz H, Weyandt G, Meissner C, Gebhart E, Brocker EB. Dermal schwannoma (neurilemmoma): a peculiar foreign body reaction? Am J Dermatopathol. 2010;32(4):367–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Berg JC, Scheithauer BW, Spinner RJ, Allen CM, Koutlas IG. Plexiform schwannoma: a clinicopathologic overview with emphasis on the head and neck region. Hum Pathol. 2008;39(5):633–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gao Z, Palleschi SM, Chen S. Plexiform epithelioid schwannoma: a case report. Am J Dermatopathol. 2007;29(1):56–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kindblom LG, Meis-Kindblom JM, Havel G, Busch C. Benign epithelioid schwannoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(6):762–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Saad AG, Mutema GK, Mutasim DF. Benign cutaneous epithelioid Schwannoma: case report and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 2005;27(1):45–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Carney JA, Stratakis CA. Epithelioid blue nevus and psammomatous melanotic schwannoma: the unusual pigmented skin tumors of the Carney complex. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1998;15(3):216–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Utiger CA, Headington JT. Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. A new cutaneous marker for Carney’s complex. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129(2):202–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Deng A, Petrali J, Jaffe D, Sina B, Gaspari A. Benign cutaneous pseudoglandular schwannoma: a case report. Am J Dermatopathol. 2005;27(5):432–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Fisher C, Chappell ME, Weiss SW. Neuroblastoma-like epithelioid schwannoma. Histopathology. 1995;26(2):193–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Suchak R, Luzar B, Bacchi CE, Maguire B, Calonje E. Cutaneous neuroblastoma-like schwannoma: a report of two cases, one with a plexiform pattern, and a review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(9):997–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Antinheimo J, Sankila R, Carpen O, Pukkala E, Sainio M, Jaaskelainen J. Population-based analysis of sporadic and type 2 neurofibromatosis-associated meningiomas and schwannomas. Neurology. 2000;54(1):71–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Evans DG, Huson SM, Donnai D, Neary W, Blair V, Teare D, Newton V, Strachan T, Ramsden R, Harris R. A genetic study of type 2 neurofibromatosis in the United Kingdom. I. Prevalence, mutation rate, fitness, and confirmation of maternal transmission effect on severity. J Med Genet. 1992;29(12):841–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Hilton DA, Hanemann CO. Schwannomas and their pathogenesis. Brain Pathol. 2014;24(3):205–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Salvati M, Polli FM, Caroli E, Frati A, Missori P, Delfini R. Radiation-induced schwannomas of the nervous system. Report of five cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Sci. 2003;47(2):113–6. discussion 116.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sznajder L, Abrahams C, Parry DM, Gierlowski TC, Shore-Freedman E, Schneider AB. Multiple schwannomas and meningiomas associated with irradiation in childhood. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(16):1873–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hobbs DJ, McLellan J, Schlatter MG. Schwannoma of the diaphragm–a pediatric case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(4):e5–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rouleau GA, Merel P, Lutchman M, Sanson M, Zucman J, Marineau C, Hoang-Xuan K, Demczuk S, Desmaze C, Plougastel B, et al. Alteration in a new gene encoding a putative membrane-organizing protein causes neuro-fibromatosis type 2. Nature. 1993;363(6429):515–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Trofatter JA, MacCollin MM, Rutter JL, Murrell JR, Duyao MP, Parry DM, Eldridge R, Kley N, Menon AG, Pulaski K, et al. A novel moesin-, ezrin-, radixin-like gene is a candidate for the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor. Cell. 1993;72(5):791–800.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Baser ME. The distribution of constitutional and somatic mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene. Hum Mutat. 2006;27(4):297–306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Laulajainen M, Muranen T, Nyman TA, Carpen O, Gronholm M. Multistep phosphorylation by oncogenic kinases enhances the degradation of the NF2 tumor suppressor merlin. Neoplasia. 2011;13(7):643–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Hulsebos TJ, Kenter SB, Jakobs ME, Baas F, Chong B, Delatycki MB. SMARCB1/INI1 maternal germ line mosaicism in schwannomatosis. Clin Genet. 2009;77(1):86–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Hulsebos TJ, Plomp AS, Wolterman RA, Robanus-Maandag EC, Baas F, Wesseling P. Germline mutation of INI1/SMARCB1 in familial schwannomatosis. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;80(4):805–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Lessard J, Wu JI, Ranish JA, Wan M, Winslow MM, Staahl BT, Wu H, Aebersold R, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. An essential switch in subunit composition of a chromatin remodeling complex during neural development. Neuron. 2007;55(2):201–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Ravasi T, Suzuki H, Cannistraci CV, Katayama S, Bajic VB, Tan K, Akalin A, Schmeier S, Kanamori-Katayama M, Bertin N, Carninci P, Daub CO, Forrest AR, Gough J, Grimmond S, Han JH, Hashimoto T, Hide W, Hofmann O, Kamburov A, Kaur M, Kawaji H, Kubosaki A, Lassmann T, van Nimwegen E, MacPherson CR, Ogawa C, Radovanovic A, Schwartz A, Teasdale RD, Tegner J, Lenhard B, Teichmann SA, Arakawa T, Ninomiya N, Murakami K, Tagami M, Fukuda S, Imamura K, Kai C, Ishihara R, Kitazume Y, Kawai J, Hume DA, Ideker T, Hayashizaki Y. An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man. Cell. 2010;140(5):744–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Sanford LJ, Gordon S, Travers JB. Familial granular cell tumors: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(3):e8–e11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Nasser H, Danforth Jr RD, Sunbuli M, Dimitrijevic O. Malignant granular cell tumor: case report with a novel karyotype and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2010;14(4):273–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Nagaraj PB, Ongole R, Bhujanga-Rao BR. Granular cell tumor of the tongue in a 6-year-old girl–a case report. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11(2):E162–164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Cambiaghi S, Maffeis L, Boneschi V. “Hairy” granular cell tumor. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(5):545–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Epstein DS, Pashaei S, Hunt Jr E, Fitzpatrick JE, Golitz LE. Pustulo-ovoid bodies of Milian in granular cell tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34(5):405–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Battistella M, Cribier B, Feugeas JP, Roux J, Le Pelletier F, Pinquier L, Plantier F. Vascular invasion and other invasive features in granular cell tumours of the skin: a multicentre study of 119 cases. J Clin Pathol. 2014;67(1):19–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Aldabagh B, Azmi F, Vadmal M, Neider S, Usmani AS. Plexiform pattern in cutaneous granular cell tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36(11):1174–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lee J, Bhawan J, Wax F, Farber J. Plexiform granular cell tumor. A report of two cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 1994;16(5):537–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Youssef SM, Hinshaw M, Longley BJ, Snow S, Teng JM. Mohs surgical excision of a granular cell tumor with plexiform features on the arm of a 7-year-old child. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(4):546–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Chaudhry IH, Calonje E. Dermal non-neural granular cell tumour (so-called primitive polypoid granular cell tumour): a distinctive entity further delineated in a clinicopathological study of 11 cases. Histopathology. 2005;47(2):179–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Lazar AJ, Fletcher CD. Primitive nonneural granular cell tumors of skin: clinicopathologic analysis of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(7):927–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bang KO, Bodhade AS, Dive AM. Congenital granular cell epulis of a newborn. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9 Suppl 1:S136–138.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Apisarnthanarax P. Granular cell tumor. An analysis of 16 cases and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981;5(2):171–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Aparna HG, Jayanth BS, Shashidara R, Jaishankar P. Congenital epulis in a newborn: a case report, immunoprofiling and review of literature. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2014;24(4):359–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Kayiran SM, Buyukunal C, Ince U, Gurakan B. Congenital epulis of the tongue: a case report and review of the literature. JRSM Short Rep. 2011;2(7):62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Yuwanati M, Mhaske S, Mhaske A. Congenital granular cell tumor – a rare entity. J Neonatal Surg. 2015;4(2):17.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Damm DD, Cibull ML, Geissler RH, Neville BW, Bowden CM, Lehmann JE. Investigation into the histogenesis of congenital epulis of the newborn. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76(2):205–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Ragoowansi R, Thomas V, Powell BW. Cutaneous meningioma of the scalp: a case report and review of literature. Br J Plast Surg. 1998;51(5):402–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Fox MD, Billings SD, Gleason BC, Thomas AB, Cibull TL. Cutaneous meningioma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in p63 positive cutaneous neoplasms. J Cutan Pathol. 2013;40(10):891–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Bain GO, Shnitka TK. Cutaneous meningioma (psammoma): report of a case. AMA Arch Dermatol. 1956;74(6):590–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Penas PF, Jones-Caballero M, Amigo A, Aragues M, Garcia-Diez A. Cutaneous meningioma underlying congenital localized hypertrichosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(2 Pt 2):363–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Miedema JR, Zedek D. Cutaneous Meningioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(2):208–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Theaker JM, Fletcher CD, Tudway AJ. Cutaneous heterotopic meningeal nodules. Histopathology. 1990;16(5):475–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Hussein MR, Abdelwahed AR. Primary cutaneous meningioma of the scalp: a case report and review of literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34 Suppl 1:26–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Lopez DA, Silvers DN, Helwig EB. Cutaneous meningiomas–a clinicopathologic study. Cancer. 1974;34(3):728–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Argenyi ZB, Thieberg MD, Hayes CM, Whitaker DC. Primary cutaneous meningioma associated with von Recklinghausen’s disease. J Cutan Pathol. 1994;21(6):549–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hirakawa E, Kobayashi S, Terasaka K, Ogino T, Terai Y, Ohmori M. Meningeal hamartoma of the scalp. A variant of primary cutaneous meningioma. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1992;42(5):353–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Sibley DA, Cooper PH. Rudimentary meningocele: a variant of “primary cutaneous meningioma”. J Cutan Pathol. 1989;16(2):72–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Nochomovitz LE, Jannotta F, Orenstein JM. Meningioma of the scalp. Light and electron microscopic observations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1985;109(1):92–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ramos L, Coutinho I, Cardoso JC, Garcia H, Cordeiro MR. Frontal cutaneous meningioma–Case report. An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90(3 Suppl 1):130–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Tron V, Bellamy C, Wood W. Familial cutaneous heterotopic meningeal nodules. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28(6):1015–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Phung, T.L., Wright, T.S., Pourciau, C.Y., Smoller, B.R. (2017). Neural Proliferations. In: Pediatric Dermatopathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44824-4_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44824-4_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44822-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44824-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics