Abstract
This Chapter focuses on how legal geography interrelates with the mapping of legal systems. To this end, it examines the processes of spatial production falling under the umbrella of the ‘spatiality of law’. This assumes the importance of physical, human, and imaginative geographies in manufacturing legal systems; indeed, geographical attributes are used to assert their superiority. Whilst processing these spaces, the law creates its own geopolitics of law, whose dissemination and establishment have been favoured by legal cartography. The practice of ranking legal systems also characterises the imaginative geographies of global and transnational actors, through which they create their own geopolitics of law, as well as their spatial hierarchies.
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Notes
- 1.
Black (1997), p. 40.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
Said [1978] (2003), p. 117.
- 5.
- 6.
Harley (1988).
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
Conrad [1899] (2008), p. 108.
- 11.
Keltie (1890), p. 51.
- 12.
See e.g., Taylor (1994), pp. 3 and 7.
- 13.
Patton (2000), p. 26.
- 14.
Halpérin (2009).
- 15.
Delaney (2005), p. 19.
- 16.
On how superiority was displayed through colonial Exhibitions revolving around the opposition between ‘British enterprise … and African primitivism’ see Driver (2001), p. 148.
- 17.
Nayak and Jeffrey (2011), p. 235.
- 18.
Wright (1947), p. 1.
- 19.
Conrad (1924), p. 243.
- 20.
Conrad (1924), p. 243.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
On the colonial partition, and on the conventional end-dates for the Scramble of Africa (Italy’s invasion of Libya: 1911; the French Protectorate over Morocco: 1912; the Peace of Vereeniging ending the South African war: 1899–1902) see Sharkey (2013), pp. 153–154; Gjersø (2015); Griffiths (1986); Sanderson (1974). See also Griffiths (1986), pp. 204–205.
- 24.
See Price (1998), p. 17.
- 25.
- 26.
Driver (2001), p. 7.
- 27.
Gregory (2004), p. 3.
- 28.
Driver (2001), p. 7.
- 29.
Black (1997), p. 42.
- 30.
- 31.
Davies (1994), I, p. 3.
- 32.
Connell (2011), p. 16.
- 33.
- 34.
See Nicolini (2016).
- 35.
Connell (2011), pp. 8–9.
- 36.
Benton (2010), p. 228.
- 37.
Conrad (1924), p. 241.
- 38.
- 39.
Brotton (2018), p. 29.
- 40.
Brotton (2018), p. 29.
- 41.
- 42.
Craib (2000), p. 17.
- 43.
See Nicolai (2015), pp. 517–518.
- 44.
- 45.
- 46.
Schmitt (2006), p. 86.
- 47.
Schmitt (2006), p. 86.
- 48.
Brotton (2013), pp. 186 and 218.
- 49.
- 50.
Brotton (2018), pp. 13 and 15.
- 51.
Brotton (2018), p. 60.
- 52.
- 53.
- 54.
- 55.
Kersten (2006), p. 75.
- 56.
- 57.
- 58.
See Vander Linden (1916).
- 59.
- 60.
Schmitt (2006), p. 91.
- 61.
See Seed (1995), pp. 154–160.
- 62.
Brotton (2013), pp. 186–211 and 212.
- 63.
- 64.
Schmitt (2006), pp. 93–94.
- 65.
Schmitt (2006), p. 97.
- 66.
Schmitt (2006), p. 88.
- 67.
- 68.
Benton (2010), pp. xii–xiii and 43 et seq.
- 69.
- 70.
Campling and Colás (2021), p. 70.
- 71.
Campling and Colás (2021), p. 72.
- 72.
Schmitt (2006), pp. 42–43.
- 73.
Steinberg (2001).
- 74.
Campling and Colás (2021), p. 73.
- 75.
- 76.
- 77.
See e.g., Ge 1.1-31; Jonah 1:9; Ps 95:5.
- 78.
See Collis (2010), p. 389.
- 79.
See also Howkins (2017), pp. 9–10.
- 80.
- 81.
Canny (2001), p. 4.
- 82.
Petition of divers gentlemen of the west parts of England to the Queen. To allow of an enterprise by them conceived, and with the help of God, … to be performed for discovery of sundry rich and unknown lands, in Sainsbury (1893), p. 1.
- 83.
Ma 16:5.
- 84.
- 85.
See Is 43:5 and Mt 24:27.
- 86.
- 87.
Calvin’s Case, 7 Reports (1608) 4: 12b.
- 88.
Baker (2016), pp. 85 and 86, where it is stated that ‘evidence of a legal culture among the ancient Britons was found in the tales of the legendary King Brut and King Lucius’.
- 89.
Thomson (1802), line 166.
- 90.
Quoted in Molyneaux (2014). See Ps 18: 8.
- 91.
‘Praise the Lord upon earth: ye dragons, and all deeps’ (Ps 148:7).
- 92.
BCP [1662] (2004), p. 439 (Psalm 74: 14–15).
- 93.
BCP [1662] (2004), p. 353 (Psalm 8:6, 8).
- 94.
Cormack (2001), p. 50.
- 95.
Abulafia (2020), p. 664.
- 96.
Ge. 1:2.
- 97.
See Wallyng v Meger (1470) 47 SS 30, per Catesby Sjt.; Sir Edward Coke, Posnati. Calvin’s Case, 7 Reports (1608) 4: 12b.
- 98.
- 99.
- 100.
12 &14 Char II c 4 cl 10.
- 101.
BCP [1662] (2004), p. 145.
- 102.
Wood (1992), p. 78.
- 103.
- 104.
Halpérin (2009), p. 342.
- 105.
Edney (1997), p. 1.
- 106.
- 107.
- 108.
- 109.
Calvin’s Case (1608), 77 ER 377 and Campbell v Hall (1774) 1 Cowp 204, 98 ER 1045. See also Phillips v Eyre (1870) LR 6 QB 1; Sammut v Strickland [1938] AC 678 (PC). Quotations are drawn from Blackstone [1765] (2016), p. 75.
- 110.
Jones (2019), p. 187.
- 111.
Grenier (2004).
- 112.
Grenier (2004).
- 113.
Tomlins (2001), p. 316.
- 114.
Quoted in Tomlins (2001), p. 319.
- 115.
The 1663 Charter contained the ‘Durham Clause’ giving the same proprietary rights held by ‘any Bishop of Durham’, within the County Palatine of Durham. Proprietors were thus ‘granted directly from the king as freehold’, which gave them far more power and freedom then any traditional manorial lord or knight service in capite’: Jones (2019), p. 199. For other cases of ‘Durham Clauses’ appended to colonial charters see Tomlins (2001).
- 116.
- 117.
Wood (1992), pp. 45 and 205.
- 118.
Bennett (2008), p. 17.
- 119.
- 120.
Zimmermann and Visser (1996), pp. 7–8.
- 121.
- 122.
- 123.
Harley (1988), p. 57.
- 124.
- 125.
- 126.
- 127.
See Pargendler (2012).
- 128.
- 129.
- 130.
- 131.
Mattei (1997).
- 132.
Wigmore (1928).
- 133.
Berman (1983).
- 134.
Martínez Paz (1934), p. 155.
- 135.
- 136.
See Alvarez (1911), pp. 24 and 25.
- 137.
See Alvarez (1911), pp. 25–26.
- 138.
White and Hussey (1958), p. 194.
- 139.
- 140.
Sharkey (2013), p. 156.
- 141.
Sir J. Harris (1912), p. 97.
- 142.
Mann (2009), p. 336.
- 143.
- 144.
See, among others, Sect. 12(1)(a) Local Courts Act 1966, Act No. 20 of 1966 (Zambia).
- 145.
On such processes see Prinsloo (1987), p. 411.
- 146.
Sippel (1998), p. 378.
- 147.
Merryman (1977), p. 457.
- 148.
Joireman (2010), p. 298.
- 149.
Sect. 255(1) and 167(1) of the 1992 Constitution (Ghana); Loi no 034-2009/AN du 16 juin 2009 portant régime foncier rural (Burkina Faso); URT, Land Act (No. 4), sec. 7 and URT, Village Land Act (No. 5), sec. 8(1), 12(1) (Tanzania). See Locher (2016).
- 150.
Agnew (1995).
- 151.
Rosow (2000), p. 29.
- 152.
Conrad [1897] (2008), p. 25.
- 153.
Xifaras (2016), p. 216.
- 154.
- 155.
Beatty (1995), p. 10.
- 156.
See Arnold (2013).
- 157.
Xifaras (2016), p. 216.
- 158.
For more on these processes see e.g., Nicolini (2020).
- 159.
Udagama 148; Davies 542.
- 160.
Beck et al. (2019).
- 161.
Crampton (2010), p. 70.
- 162.
- 163.
- 164.
Rottenburg and Merry (2015), p. 3.
- 165.
- 166.
Siems (2011).
- 167.
Oto-Peralía and Romero-Ávila (2017), pp. 85–119 and 121–135.
- 168.
- 169.
Cheng (2005), p. 469.
- 170.
Grosswald Curran (2009).
- 171.
Michaels (2009), p. 768.
- 172.
Michaels (2009), p. 766.
- 173.
Rottenburg and Merry (2015), p. 8.
- 174.
Davies (2015), p. 285.
- 175.
Farlow (2015), pp. 221–222.
- 176.
On consociational federalism see Lijpart (1979), p. 505.
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Nicolini, M. (2022). Colonial Underpinnings: Spatiality of Law. In: Legal Geography. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 105. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19410-8_4
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