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Dispersal: A Critical Life History Stage Influencing Populations, Social Dynamics, and Individual Fitness

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Owl Monkeys

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Natal dispersal, the movement of individuals from their birthplace to new areas in which they may breed, is an important aspect of life history that influences processes at the level of the individual, group, and population. This chapter takes a holistic approach by reviewing what is known about the entire process of dispersal in owl monkeys, from when and why they leave their natal group to what they do and where they go after dispersing. It also examines how dispersal patterns can inform our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of owl monkeys’ social organization, mating system, and parental care. While owl monkey dispersal strategies are highly variable, we identify some important common patterns. All individuals, both male and female, disperse prior to reproducing. Individuals also often “prospect” prior to permanently dispersing, and almost always spend some time as solitary floaters. While dispersed solitaries may occasionally engage in prosocial interactions, they typically face aggression from adults in established groups. Currently, nearly everything known about owl monkey dispersal comes from a population of Azara’s owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) in Formosa, Argentina. Expanding studies to other sites and Aotus species will generate a more multifaceted understanding of dispersal in pair-living primates.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the Formosa Province and Argentinean governments for permission to conduct our research. Special thanks to Bellamar Estancias and Fundación ECO for support in Argentina. Our research would not have been possible without the help of the more than 300 students and volunteers who over the years have provided research assistance in the field, particularly those who were involved in aspects of dispersal research: Cecilia Juárez, Alba Garcia de la Chica, Víctor Dávalos, Patricio Ramirez-Llorens, and Marcelo Rotundo. Thanks for the support of R. Bribiescas and C. Valeggia, Directors of the Yale Reproductive Ecology Lab, where hormonal analyses were conducted. Thanks to all the students, assistants, and volunteers who helped to collect data over the years, to Sam Shanee for contributing his personal experiences, and to Karen B. Strier and Loren D. Hayes for their valuable comments and revisions on earlier versions of the chapter. MC acknowledges financial support from the University of Pennsylvania, Leakey Foundation, International Primatological Society, American Society of Primatology, Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation, and National Science Foundation (DDRIG-1540255). Fieldwork leading to the data summarized here was supported through grants from the Wenner-Gren Foundation (to EFD), the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation (to EFD), the National Geographic Society (to EFD), the National Science Foundation (to EFD, grants NSF-BCS-0621020, 1232349, 1503753, 1848954; RAPID-1219368; NSF-REU 0837921, 0924352, 1026991), and the National Institutes of Aging (to EFD), NIA- P30 AG012836-19, NICHD R24 HD-044964-11. The Owl Monkey Project also received institutional support from the Zoological Society of San Diego, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University.

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  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Margaret Corley

  2. Owl Monkey Project-Fundación ECO, Formosa, Argentina

    Margaret Corley & Eduardo Fernandez-Duque

  3. Department of Anthropology and School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Eduardo Fernandez-Duque

  4. Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina

    Eduardo Fernandez-Duque

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  1. Margaret Corley
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Correspondence to Margaret Corley .

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    Eduardo Fernandez-Duque

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Corley, M., Fernandez-Duque, E. (2023). Dispersal: A Critical Life History Stage Influencing Populations, Social Dynamics, and Individual Fitness. In: Fernandez-Duque, E. (eds) Owl Monkeys. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13555-2_15

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