Abstract
This manuscript reviews contemporary training in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry in the USA. There are multiple well-defined pathways to becoming a child and adolescent psychiatrist in the USA. The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education oversees child and adolescent psychiatry training programs and ensures that training programs are meeting the appropriate common and program-specific requirements. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology ensures that the individual child and adolescent psychiatrist is competent. There is a substantial shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists in the US, and efforts are being made to increase the number of and accessibility of trained child and adolescent psychiatrists. Child and adolescent psychiatry training in the United Sates is constantly evolving and future directions include increased engagement of medical students and general psychiatry residents, new abbreviated pathways for training, and international collaboration between programs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sexson SB (2007) Overview of training in the twenty-first century. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 16(1):1–16 (vii)
Musto D (2002) History of child psychiatry. In: Editor LM (ed) Child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 1446–1449
Schowalter J (2002) Recruitment, training, and certification in child and adolescent psychiatry in the United States. In: Lewis M (ed) Child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 1429–1433
Mian AI, Milavic G, Skokauskas N (2015) Child and adolescent psychiatry training: a global perspective. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 24(4):699–714
Admission Requirements (2019) https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/applying-medical-school-process/medical-school-admission-requirements/admission-requirements/. Accessed 8 July 2019
The Parts of Your Medical School Application (2019) https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/faq/what-parts-your-application-tell-medical-schools-2/. Accessed 8 July 2019
What to do during a gap year(s) (2019) Retrieved from https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/article/what-do-during-gap-years/. Accessed 8 July 2019
Electronic Residency Application Service-Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2019 5/5/2019. https://services.aamc.org/eras/erasstats/par/display.cfm?NAV_ROW=PAR&SPEC_CD=405. Accessed 8 July 2019
ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Subspecialty of Psychiatry) (2017)
National Residency Matching Program (NRMP). https://www.nrmp.org/new-program-basics/. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
About NRMP (2019) https://www.nrmp.org/about-nrmp/. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
Joshi SV, Stock S, Adams A, Gleason MM, Varley CK (2016) Statement regarding the national resident matching program child and adolescent psychiatry match: a call to uphold the gentlepersons’ agreement. Acad Psychiatry 40(3):552–554
Psychiatry (2019) ACGME, 2019. www.acgme.org/Specialties/Overview/pfcatid/21/. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
Gray DD et al (2007) Triple board training and new "portals" into child psychiatry training. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 16(1):55–66 (viii)
Gleason MM, Fritz GK (2009) Innovative training in pediatrics, general psychiatry, and child psychiatry: background, outcomes, and experiences. Acad Psychiatry 33(2):99–104
Findling RL, Stepanova E (2018) The workforce shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists: is it time for a different approach? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 57(5):300–301
Guerrero APS, Roberts LW (2017) Snapshots from the cutting edge: innovations in child and adolescent psychiatry training to address workforce shortages. Acad Psychiatry 41(5):571–573
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Combined Programs and Alternative Pathways. 2019 5/3/2019. https://www.abpn.com/access-residency-info/combined-programs-and-alternative-pathways/. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
ACGME: The Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Milestone Project. 2015; Available from: https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Milestones/ChildandAdolescentPsychiatryMilestones.pdf. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
ABPN preCERT® Credentialing system 2019. https://www.abpn.com/access-residency-info/residency-training-information/precert-credentialing-system-form/. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
AACAP Workforce Issues April 2019 5/4/2019. https://www.aacap.org/aacap/resources_for_primary_care/Workforce_Issues.aspx. Accessed 5 Apr 2019
Medicare Payments for Graduate Medical Education: What Every Medical Student, Resident, and Advisor Needs to Know (2019) https://www.aamc.org. Accessed 8 July 2019
Ebell MH (2008) Future salary and US residency fill rate revisited. JAMA 300(10):1131–1132
Stein JA et al (2013) Does early mentorship in child and adolescent psychiatry make a difference? The Klingenstein third-generation foundation medical student fellowship program. Acad Psychiatry 37(5):321–324
Hunt J et al (2008) A 2-year progress report of the AACAP-Harvard Macy teaching scholars program. Acad Psychiatry 32(5):414–419
Horner MS et al (2008) Mentoring increases connectedness and knowledge: a cross-sectional evaluation of two programs in child and adolescent psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry 32(5):420–428
Adler R et al (2007) Mentoring young researchers: can the Donald J Cohen Fellowships model be applicable and useful to Australasian psychiatry? Australas Psychiatry 15(3):232–236
Aacap (2019) AACAP International-Partnering for the World's Children. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019. www.aacap.org/AACAP/International/Intnl_Home.aspx. Accessed 8 July 2019
Shanafelt TD, Noseworthy JH (2017) Executive leadership and physician well-being: nine organizational strategies to promote engagement and reduce burnout. Mayo Clin Proc 92(1):129–146
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interest identified by any of the authors.
Ethical approval
No IRB review was required for this manuscript.
Additional information
This article is part of the focused issue ‘The European and Global Perspective on Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hunt, J., Reichenberg, J., Lewis, A.L. et al. Child and adolescent psychiatry training in the USA: current pathways. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29, 63–69 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01402-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01402-9