Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in a variety of sectors, including drug delivery, cancer treatment, wastewater treatment, DNA analysis, antibacterial agents, biosensors and catalysts. Unlike chemically produced nanoparticles, biosynthesized metal nanoparticles based on green chemistry perspectives impose limited hazards to the environment and are relatively biocompatible. This review is therefore focused on green methods for nanoparticle synthesis by emphasizing on microbial synthesis using bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeasts, as well as phytosynthesis using plant extracts. Furthermore, a detailed description of bioreducing and capping/stabilizing agents involved in the biosynthesis mechanism using these green sources is presented.
About the authors
Zahra Vaseghi is currently a PhD candidate at University of Tehran, Iran. She completed her BSc in chemical engineering at Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 2009. From 2009 to 2012, she worked on her MSc in chemical engineering at Babol University of Technology, Iran. Her research interests are in the areas of biotechnology, green nanoparticles, enzyme technology, and heavy metal removal.
Ali Nematollahzadeh received his PhD in chemical engineering from Sharif University of Technology in 2010. He was a visiting scientist at Institute of Environmental Research, Dortmund University, Germany, from 2008 to 2011. His area of research includes biomaterials and nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and specific detection and separation. He is currently a professor at Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.
Omid Tavakoli is currently academic staff of the School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, where he established the Green Technology Laboratory (GTL). He obtained his PhD from Osaka University, Japan, in 2004 and collaborated as a post-doctoral researcher until 2008. His research interests include biotechnology, microalgae, sustainable energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and wastewater treatment.
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