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Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Potential at the Initial Stage of Soil Development of the Glacial Forefields in Svalbard

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Microbial communities have been identified as the primary inhabitants of Arctic forefields. However, the metabolic potential of microbial communities in these newly exposed soils remains underexplored due to limited access. Here, we sampled the very edge of the glacial forefield in Svalbard and performed the 16S rRNA genes and metagenomic analysis to illustrate the ecosystem characteristics. Burkholderiales and Micrococcales were the dominant bacterial groups at the initial stage of soil development of glacial forefields. 214 metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered from glacier forefield microbiome datasets, including only 2 belonging to archaea. Analysis of these metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that 41% of assembled genomes had the genetic potential to use nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptors. Metabolic pathway reconstruction for these microbes suggested versatility for sulfide and thiosulfate oxidation, H2 and CO utilization, and CO2 fixation. Our results indicate the importance of anaerobic processes in elemental cycling in the glacial forefields. Besides, a range of genes related to adaption to low temperature and other stresses were detected, which revealed the presence of diverse mechanisms of adaption to the extreme environment of Svalbard. This research provides ecological insight into the initial stage of the soil developed during the retreating of glaciers.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the NODE database (https://www.biosino.org/node/) under project OEP003241.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 41676177, 41921006, 41676175, 41676188 and 41276202), Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (grant no. SL2020MS022), Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (grant no. 21TQ1400201), and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Polar Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences, School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Tian, Yongxin Lv, Ruifeng Zhang, Zhuoyi Zhu & Yu Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory for Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Tian, Ruifeng Zhang, Zhuoyi Zhu, Hongmei Ma & Yu Zhang

  3. International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Tian, Yongxin Lv & Yu Zhang

  4. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Yongxin Lv & Jing Li

  5. Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA

    Zhifeng Yang

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  1. Chen Tian
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  2. Yongxin Lv
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  3. Zhifeng Yang
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  4. Ruifeng Zhang
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  5. Zhuoyi Zhu
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  6. Hongmei Ma
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  7. Jing Li
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  8. Yu Zhang
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Contributions

C.T. and Y.Z. conceived and designed the study; Y.Z., R.Z., Z.Z., H.M., and Z.Y. collected the samples; Y.Z., R.Z., Z.Z., Z.Y., and C.T. performed the experiments; C.T., Y.L., R.Z., Z.Z., J.L., and Y.Z. contributed to data analyses; C.T., Y.L., and Y.Z. wrote the manuscript; all authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yu Zhang.

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Tian, C., Lv, Y., Yang, Z. et al. Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Potential at the Initial Stage of Soil Development of the Glacial Forefields in Svalbard. Microb Ecol 86, 933–946 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02116-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02116-3

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