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Mechanical Design of Translocating Motor Proteins

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Abstract

Translocating motors generate force and move along a biofilament track to achieve diverse functions including gene transcription, translation, intracellular cargo transport, protein degradation, and muscle contraction. Advances in single molecule manipulation experiments, structural biology, and computational analysis are making it possible to consider common mechanical design principles of these diverse families of motors. Here, we propose a mechanical parts list that include track, energy conversion machinery, and moving parts. Energy is supplied not just by burning of a fuel molecule, but there are other sources or sinks of free energy, by binding and release of a fuel or products, or similarly between the motor and the track. Dynamic conformational changes of the motor domain can be regarded as controlling the flow of free energy to and from the surrounding heat reservoir. Multiple motor domains are organized in distinct ways to achieve motility under imposed physical constraints. Transcending amino acid sequence and structure, physically and functionally similar mechanical parts may have evolved as nature’s design strategy for these molecular engines.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Martin Karplus and anonymous reviewers for valuable input on the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Institute of Health grant R21NS058604.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Wonmuk Hwang

  2. Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Matthew J. Lang

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Hwang, W., Lang, M.J. Mechanical Design of Translocating Motor Proteins. Cell Biochem Biophys 54, 11–22 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-009-9049-4

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