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Gene Expression Patterns During Somatic Embryo Development and Germination in Maize Hi II Callus Cultures

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Abstract

Gene expression patterns were profiled during somatic embryogenesis in a regeneration-proficient maize hybrid line, Hi II, in an effort to identify genes that might be used as developmental markers or targets to optimize regeneration steps for recovering maize plants from tissue culture. Gene expression profiles were generated from embryogenic calli induced to undergo embryo maturation and germination. Over 1,000 genes in the 12,060 element arrays showed significant time variation during somatic embryo development. A substantial number of genes were downregulated during embryo maturation, largely histone and ribosomal protein genes, which may result from a slowdown in cell proliferation and growth during embryo maturation. The expression of these genes dramatically recovered at germination. Other genes up-regulated during embryo maturation included genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes (nucleases, glucosidases and proteases) and a few storage genes (an α-zein and caleosin), which are good candidates for developmental marker genes. Germination is accompanied by the up-regulation of a number of stress response and membrane transporter genes, and, as expected, greening is associated with the up-regulation of many genes encoding photosynthetic and chloroplast components. Thus, some, but not all genes typically associated with zygotic embryogenesis are significantly up or down-regulated during somatic embryogenesis in Hi II maize line regeneration. Although many genes varied in expression throughout somatic embryo development in this study, no statistically significant gene expression changes were detected between total embryogenic callus and callus enriched for transition stage somatic embryos.

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Acknowledgements

PC is supported by the Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University; TML is supported by NSF DMS-0091953. BRF is supported by the Department of Agronomy, the Plant Sciences Institute, and the Biotechnology Program all at Iowa State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Ping Che & Stephen H. Howell

  2. Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Tanzy M. Love & Alicia L. Carriquiry

  3. Center for Plant Transformation and the Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Bronwyn R. Frame & Kan Wang

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  1. Ping Che
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  2. Tanzy M. Love
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  3. Bronwyn R. Frame
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  4. Kan Wang
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  5. Alicia L. Carriquiry
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  6. Stephen H. Howell
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Correspondence to Stephen H. Howell.

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Che, P., Love, T.M., Frame, B.R. et al. Gene Expression Patterns During Somatic Embryo Development and Germination in Maize Hi II Callus Cultures. Plant Mol Biol 62, 1–14 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9013-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9013-2

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