Abstract
Dairy industries are growing day by day with the increase in demand. These industries produce so many products with milk as a raw material. Dairy industry generates enormous amounts of wastewater, sludge and whey. The wastes have a high concentration of organic and inorganic material, high COD, BOD and mineral ions. These wastes need to be treated before discharge to prevent pollution to water, soil and air. This chapter aims to describe the different types of dairy waste and their remediation techniques to remove specific kinds of pollutants in wastewater.
Electrocoagulation, membrane treatment and adsorption are some advanced developed techniques which are widely employed to purify and disinfect the treated water for recycling. The mechanical treatment removes the solids, floating oil, grease and other solid waste mechanically as it is a pretreatment process. The chemical treatment aids the usage of chemicals to remove and degrade the pollutants from dairy wastewater effluents. Current most of the dairy industries use combination physical and chemical treatment techniques for effective pollutant removal.
Aerobic and anaerobic processes treat wastewater and help in maintaining quality parameter to the standard value of discharge given by different pollution control organizations of the world. Biotechnological approaches help in the utilization of the by-product wastes as raw material for reuse in making different products other than dairy products such as bioethanol, biogas, single-cell proteins, biofuels and bioenergy.
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Abbreviations
- BOD:
-
Biochemical oxygen demand
- CFC:
-
Chloride fluoride carbon
- CMC:
-
Carboxymethylcellulose
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- FAO:
-
Food and agriculture organization
- SBR:
-
Sequencing batch reactors
- TDS:
-
Total dissolved solids
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Garg, S., Rumjit, N.P., Thomas, P., Sikander, Lai, C.W., George, P.J. (2020). Green Technologies for the Treatment and Utilisation of Dairy Product Wastes. In: Inamuddin, Asiri, A. (eds) Sustainable Green Chemical Processes and their Allied Applications. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42284-4_11
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