Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Print ISSN: 2395-1443

Online ISSN: 2395-1451

CODEN : IJCEKF

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (IJCEO) is open access, a peer-reviewed medical journal, published quarterly, online, and in print, by the Innovative Education and Scientific Research Foundation (IESRF) since 2015. To fulfil our aim of rapid dissemination of knowledge, we publish articles ‘Ahead of Print’ on acceptance. In addition, the journal allows free access (Open Access) to its content, which is likely to attract more readers and citations of articles published in IJCEO. Manuscripts must be prepared in more...

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Original Article


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271-275


Authors Details

Chandni Satani*, Priti Kapadia Gupta


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Observational study for assessing the relation of visual impairment with symptoms of depression


Original Article

Author Details : Chandni Satani*, Priti Kapadia Gupta

Volume : 8, Issue : 2, Year : 2022

Article Page : 271-275

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2022.054



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Abstract

Aims: To assess the relation of visual impairment related to the refractive error with symptoms of depressionin relation to age, gender, educational qualification, level of visual impairment, type of refractive error, and use of corrective measures taken by the patient.
Study and Design: Observational cross-sectional study.
Materials and Methods: A total of 260 participants above the age of 12 years with unaided visual acuity below 6/18 were examined for their refractive error using objective and subjective tests of refraction. Depressive symptoms were assessed using patient health questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9).
Statistical Analysis used : Chi-square and fisher’s exact test to find an association between qualitative variables.
Results : Overall 70.77% of participants had depressive symptoms of varying degree. On assessing its severity 8.46% had moderate, 23.68% had mild, 38.46% had minimal depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in the younger age group, educated patients, and similar in both genders, but none were statistically significant. A statistically significant association was found between the level of visual impairment with depressive symptoms (p=0.01) and its severity (p=0.03). Relation of depressive symptoms with various types of refractive error were significant (p=0.01). The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased with an increasing degree of myopia (p=0.015) and hypermetropia (p=0.68). Participants who were not using corrective measures had more depressive symptoms in comparison to those using it. (p=0.19)
Conclusions : Statistically significant association was found between depressive symptoms and its severity with the level of visual impairment, types, and degree of refractive error, especially myopia. There was no statistically significant association of refractive error with depressive symptoms and its severity in relation to age, gender, education.
 

Keywords: Visual impairment, Refractive error, Depressive symptoms, Patient health questionnaire­.


How to cite : Satani C, Gupta P K, Observational study for assessing the relation of visual impairment with symptoms of depression. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022;8(2):271-275

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