Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders: A Register-Linkage Cohort Study among Finnish Public Sector Employees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence
2.3. Common Mental Disorders
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Associations between Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders at Two Time Points
3.2. Associations between Sickness Absence and Change in Subsequent Common Mental Disorders
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Covariate | Category | N | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Women | 2904 | 82 |
Men | 656 | 18 | |
Age | 45–47 | 808 | 23 |
50–52 | 925 | 26 | |
55–57 | 956 | 27 | |
60–67 | 871 | 25 | |
Marital status | Partnership | 2485 | 70 |
No partnership | 1075 | 30 | |
Occupational class | Managers and professionals | 1155 | 32 |
Semi-professionals | 787 | 22 | |
Non-manual employees | 1155 | 32 | |
Manual workers | 463 | 13 | |
Working time | Less than 40 hours / week | 3025 | 85 |
40 hours or more / week | 535 | 15 | |
Shift work | No | 2864 | 80 |
Yes | 697 | 20 | |
Physical strenuousness of work | Light | 892 | 25 |
Moderate | 1610 | 45 | |
Strenuous | 1058 | 30 | |
Job strain | No | 2803 | 79 |
Yes | 757 | 21 | |
Current smoking | No | 2953 | 83 |
Yes | 606 | 17 | |
Problem drinking | No | 2828 | 21 |
Yes | 732 | 79 | |
Physical inactivity | No | 2972 | 83 |
Yes | 588 | 17 | |
Body mass index | Normal | 1754 | 49 |
Overweight | 1213 | 34 | |
Obese | 593 | 17 | |
All | 3560 | 100 |
CMD Change 2007–2012 a | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA by Diagnostic Causes, Total Number | 2007 | 2012 | No | Favourable | Unfavourable | Repeated | ||
of Reimbursed Days in 2004–2007 | N | % | CMD % | CMD % | CMD % | Change % | Change % | CMD % |
All-cause SA days | ||||||||
No SA days | 2384 | 67 | 19 | 19 | 70 | 11 | 11 | 8 |
11–30 | 432 | 12 | 26 | 22 | 63 | 12 | 15 | 11 |
31–60 | 289 | 8 | 31 | 26 | 57 | 13 | 17 | 13 |
61+ | 455 | 13 | 43 | 27 | 47 | 10 | 26 | 17 |
SA days due to mental disorders | ||||||||
No SA days | 3304 | 93 | 22 | 20 | 67 | 11 | 13 | 9 |
11–30 | 118 | 3 | 42 | 32 | 45 | 13 | 23 | 19 |
31–60 | 51 | 1 | 39 | 33 | 45 | 16 | 22 | 18 |
61+ | 87 | 2 | 46 | 33 | 39 | 15 | 28 | 18 |
SA days due to musculoskeletal diseases | ||||||||
No SA days | 3102 | 87 | 22 | 20 | 67 | 11 | 13 | 9 |
11–30 | 181 | 5 | 26 | 22 | 60 | 14 | 18 | 8 |
31–60 | 103 | 3 | 44 | 33 | 41 | 16 | 26 | 17 |
61+ | 174 | 5 | 45 | 29 | 46 | 9 | 25 | 20 |
All | 3560 | 100 | 24 | 21 | 65 | 11 | 14 | 10 |
Total Number of Reimbursed SA days in 2004–2007 | MODEL 1 a | MODEL 2 b | MODEL 3 c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMD, OR (95% CI) | CMD, OR (95% CI) | CMD, OR (95% CI) | ||||
2007 | 2012 | 2007 | 2012 | 2007 | 2012 | |
All–cause SA | ||||||
No SA days | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
11–30 | 1.48 (1.17–1.89) | 1.25 (0.97–1.60) | 1.48 (1.16–1.89) | 1.19 (0.93–1.54) | 1.52 (1.19–1.94) | 1.24 (0.97–1.60) |
31–60 | 1.85 (1.41–2.43) | 1.50 (1.13–1.99) | 1.82 (1.38–2.40) | 1.42 (1.07–1.90) | 1.79 (1.35–2.36) | 1.44 (1.08–1.92) |
61+ | 3.20 (2.59–3.97) | 1.63 (1.29–2.05) | 3.12 (2.50–3.89) | 1.49 (1.17–1.89) | 3.16 (2.53–3.94) | 1.54 (1.21–1.95) |
SA due to mental disorders | ||||||
No SA days | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
11–30 | 2.45 (1.68–3.57) | 1.81 (1.22–2.70) | 2.27 (1.55–3.32) | 1.70 (1.13–2.54) | 2.31 (1.57–3.39) | 1.71 (1.15–2.56) |
31–60 | 2.16 (1.22–3.82) | 1.84 (1.02–3.33) | 1.85 (1.03–3.31) | 1.63 (0.89–2.96) | 1.89 (1.06–3.39) | 1.69 (0.93–3.08) |
61+ | 2.93 (1.91–4.51) | 1.93 (1.22–3.04) | 2.53 (1.63–3.93) | 1.64 (1.03–2.61) | 2.58 (1.66–4.01 | 1.74 (1.09–2.76) |
SA due to musculoskeletal diseases | ||||||
No SA days | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
11–30 | 1.24 (0.88–1.76) | 1.14 (0.79–1.63) | 1.26 (0.89–1.79) | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 1.23 (0.86–1.75) | 1.09 (0.75–1.57) |
31–60 | 2.79 (1.87–4.16) | 2.03 (1.33–3.10) | 2.83 (1.88–4.26) | 1.97 (1.28–3.03) | 2.79 (1.85–4.20) | 1.93 (1.26–2.97) |
61+ | 2.93 (2.14–4.01) | 1.72 (1.22–2.42) | 2.96 (2.14–4.09) | 1.66 (1.17–2.36) | 2.96 (2.14–4.10) | 1.64 (1.16–2.33) |
MODEL 1 a | MODEL2 b | MODEL 3 c | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change in CMD d (ref = no CMD) | Change in CMD d (ref = no CMD) | Change in CMD d (ref = no CMD) | |||||||
Total number of reimbursed SA days in 2004–2007 | Favourable | Unfavourable | Repeated | Favourable | Unfavourable | Repeated | Favourable | Unfavourable | Repeated |
Change | Change | Change | Change | Change | Change | ||||
OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | OR d (95% CI) | |
All–cause SA days | |||||||||
11–30 | 1.18 (0.85–1.64) | 1.50 (1.11–2.02) | 1.56 (1.10–2.20) | 1.14 (0.82–1.59) | 1.52 (1.12–2.07) | 1.49 (1.05–2.11) | 1.19 (0.85–1.66) | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 1.56 (1.10–2.22) |
31–60 | 1.43 (0.98–2.09) | 1.89 (1.34–2.67) | 2.05 (1.40–3.02) | 1.38 (0.94–2.02) | 1.91 (1.35–2.70) | 1.93 (1.30–2.86) | 1.41 (0.96–2.06) | 1.86 (1.32–2.64) | 1.93 (1.30–2.86) |
61+ | 1.41 (1.00–1.99) | 3.45 (2.66–4.49) | 3.28 (2.42–4.45) | 1.33 (0.94–1.89) | 2.48 (2.66–4.56) | 1.99 (2.18–4.10) | 1.40 (0.98–1.98) | 3.52 (2.69–4.62) | 3.08 (2.25–4.22) |
SA due to mental | |||||||||
disorders | |||||||||
11–30 | 1.66 (0.93–2.99) | 2.48 (1.54–3.99) | 2.98 (1.80–4.96) | 1.59 (0.88–2.87) | 2.32 (1.44–3.76) | 2.70 (1.62–4.52) | 1.63 (0.90–2.93) | 2.38 (1.47–3.86) | 2.74 (1.64–4.59) |
31–60 | 1.99 (0.88–4.48) | 2.38 (1.15–4.93) | 2.61 (1.19–5.72) | 1.80 (0.79–4.09) | 2.06 (0.99–4.31) | 2.12 (0.95–4.73) | 1.84 (0.81–4.19) | 2.07 (0.99–4.32) | 2.28 (1.03–5.06) |
61+ | 2.23 (1.17–4.28) | 3.54 (2.07–6.03) | 3.36 (1.83–6.18) | 1.94 (1.00–3.75) | 3.11 (1.81–5.34) | 2.72 (1.46–5.06) | 2.11 (1.10–4.05) | 3.18 (1.85–5.47) | 2.85 (1.53–5.30) |
SA due to musculoskeletal | |||||||||
diseases | |||||||||
11–30 | 1.41 (0.90–2.21) | 1.53 (1.01–2.30) | 1.02 (0.58–1.78) | 1.35 (0.85–2.13) | 1.60 (1.05–2.42) | 0.97 (0.55–1.70) | 1.38 (0.88–2.19) | 1.56 (1.03–2.37) | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) |
31–60 | 2.41 (1.34–4.35) | 3.37 (2.05–5.53) | 3.28 (1.86–5.81) | 2.41 (1.33–4.38) | 3.52 (2.13–5.83) | 3.21 (1.79–5.74) | 2.36 (1.30–4.28) | 3.47 (2.09–5.76) | 3.15 (1.76–5.65) |
61+ | 1.26 (0.73–2.19) | 2.80 (1.90–4.13) | 3.40 (2.23–5.18) | 1.26 (0.72–2.21) | 2.91 (1.95–4.34) | 3.29 (2.13–5.09) | 1.26 (0.72–2.21) | 2.95 (1.97–4.40) | 3.24 (2.09–5.03) |
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Mauramo, E.; Lallukka, T.; Mänty, M.; Sumanen, H.; Pietiläinen, O.; Lahelma, E.; Rahkonen, O. Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders: A Register-Linkage Cohort Study among Finnish Public Sector Employees. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030782
Mauramo E, Lallukka T, Mänty M, Sumanen H, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders: A Register-Linkage Cohort Study among Finnish Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030782
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauramo, Elina, Tea Lallukka, Minna Mänty, Hilla Sumanen, Olli Pietiläinen, Eero Lahelma, and Ossi Rahkonen. 2020. "Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders: A Register-Linkage Cohort Study among Finnish Public Sector Employees" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030782