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Seepage characteristics of thermally and chemically treated Mesozoic granite from geothermal region of Liaodong Peninsula

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Abstract

The seepage characteristics of granite are complicated due to flow exchange between fractures and micropores, which are strongly heterogeneous and anisotropic. The potential geothermal reservoirs of hot dry rocks are often related to granite. The key to geothermal production from hot dry rocks is to generate an efficient fracture network through enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technologies. Although hydraulic fracturing technology is applied in most EGS projects worldwide, it has been indicated that thermal and chemical stimulation methods are also efficient. In this paper, different thermal and chemical treatments are applied to Mesozoic granite samples obtained from geothermal region of Liaodong Peninsula in northeastern China, and their impacts on the seepage characteristics of the granite are carefully analyzed. The thermal and chemical damage mechanisms of granite, in terms of the mineral components, microstructures and physical properties, are also studied. The results show that cooling in cold water results in a much larger permeability increase than that achieved with cooling in air after the granite is heated to a specific temperature. Thermal treatments cause mechanical damage (e.g., compressive strength, elastic modulus, etc.) of granite. However, the differences between the damage factors of various granite samples are large, which are highly dependent on the original mineral composition and microstructures. Thermal cracking induced by either thermal fatigue or thermal shock causes changes in the porosity and permeability of granite. The permeability of the granite changes substantially, i.e., 3–4 orders of magnitude, after soaking in mud acid solutions, while it changes by less than 1 order of magnitude after soaking in alkaline solutions. The dissolution ability of the mud acid solution with the highest concentration (12% HCl + 3% HF) is the strongest among the three types of mud acid solutions tested (S1, S2 and S3). But it mainly acts on improving the proportion of small pores with the size of 0.01–10 μm. It has the least impact on the generation of large pores (10–50 μm), which may be caused by the heterogeneity of mineralogy among different granite samples. Different chemical solutions infiltrate the interior of the granite through various micropores and fissures, enhancing the chemical interaction through the dissolution and precipitation of minerals, the porosity, and the permeability, destroying not only the grains and minerals but also the microstructures of the granite.

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(Modified after Wu et al. 2005a, b; Zhang et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2020)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all reviewers for their kind and constructive comments to improve this paper. Qi Li, Quan Chen and Hongwu Lei at IRSM (Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy Sciences) are thanked for their help in guiding the NRM experiments, Lei Zhou at Chongqing University is thanked for giving comments on analyzing the experimental results. This research was funded by the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51809259 and 51774056), State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering affiliated to Sichuan University (No. SKHL1917), Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education (No. DESE202002).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Hejuan Liu, Zhiming Fang, Liwei Zhang & Rongchen Tong

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Hejuan Liu, Zhiming Fang, Liwei Zhang & Rongchen Tong

  3. Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China

    Yingkun Shi

  4. Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China

    JianFeng Liu

  5. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    JianFeng Liu

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Liu, H., Shi, Y., Fang, Z. et al. Seepage characteristics of thermally and chemically treated Mesozoic granite from geothermal region of Liaodong Peninsula. Environ Earth Sci 80, 599 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09838-6

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