Abstract
Preparation of epoxidized tung oil ethyl ester (ETOEE) was explored in this work via a two-step approach to produce bio-lubricant with enhanced thermal-oxidative stability. Transesterification of tung oil with ethanol was first carried out with KOH as the catalyst at 60 °C and a molar ratio of tung oil to ethanol of 1:20 for 2 h. The obtained tung oil ethyl ester (TOEE) was subjected to epoxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (FA). The highest conversion (93.6%, based on reduction of iodine value) was achieved by reacting 10 g of TOEE with 14.5 g of hydrogen peroxide and 5.86 g of FA at 50 °C for 3 h. Under these conditions, the resulting ETOEE has an oxirane number or epoxy value of 5.1%, and the presence of epoxy groups was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. The resulting ETOEE was further analyzed of its thermal stability under both oxidative and non-oxidative atmospheres. The viscosity index was determined and improvements in both thermal stability and lubricity were observed with the aid of a modular compact rheometer and a thermos-gravimetric analyzer, respectively. The ETOEE produced may be suitable for use as lubricating oil in gear boxes and engines.
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Ju, YH., Sari, N.N.F., Go, A.W. et al. Preparation of Epoxidized Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester from Tung Oil as a Bio-lubricant Base-Stock. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 4145–4155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00749-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00749-z