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Effects of climate, habitat and land use on the cover and diversity of the savanna herbaceous layer in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Abstract

Herbaceous plants account for more than three-fourths of the total biomass in savanna ecosystems. However, which environmental factors mainly drive the biodiversity of herbaceous species is still under debate. In this study, we investigated the influence of climate, habitat and land use on species richness and cover in the West African savanna ecosystems of Burkina Faso. For a broader understanding, we analysed responses of the most important taxonomical groups of the herbaceous layer (Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae s.l. and juvenile woody species) to the above mentioned environmental factors. We found light limitation by trees or shrubs and nutrient availability to be the variables that were mainly able to explain the differences in species richness, whereas precipitation and soil water-holding capacity, in general, drive species cover. However, specifically which environmental parameters influenced species richness and cover differed between taxonomical groups. Species richness of Cyperaceae species depended on water availability, while high Cyperaceae cover was found in soils with high water-holding capacity. Cyperaceae species are able to tolerate stagnant water. By contrast, Poaceae species cover was higher in dry habitats, and species richness declined with higher mean annual precipitation. Fabaceae species richness and cover were both higher in communal areas and sandy soils. This study revealed that both species richness and species cover, important aspects to describe the community composition, should be examined, as they are driven by sometimes different environmental conditions. Differentiating between the most important taxonomical groups of the savanna ecosystem increases the understanding in the important ecological processes that effect the herbaceous vegetation composition.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the funding of the DFG (German Research Foundation, BE 4143/2-1, and HA 6789/1-1) as well as the project by UNDESERT (EU FP7 243906): ‘Understanding and combating desertification to mitigate its impact on ecosystem services’, financed by the European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Innovation, Environment Programme. We are grateful to our field assistants John Bationo, Fernand Kinda, Neti Nama and Kotie Bruno Neyaga as well as our colleagues Issouf Zerbo, Susanna Schmidt-Groh and Sabine Moll. Furthermore we would like to thank the soil laboratory at the University of Ouagadougou as well as Dr Ute Schmidt and Prof. Rupert Bäumler from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg for the soil analysis in this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Desiree Jakubka & Markus Bernhardt-Römermann

  2. Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Anna Lessmeister, Karen Hahn & Katharina Schumann

  3. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Karen Hahn

  4. Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso

    Salif Traore & Adjima Thiombiano

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  1. Desiree Jakubka
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Jakubka, D., Lessmeister, A., Hahn, K. et al. Effects of climate, habitat and land use on the cover and diversity of the savanna herbaceous layer in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Folia Geobot 52, 129–142 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-017-9289-9

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