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Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Adjuvant and Systemic Treatments

  • Neuroendocrine Cancers (JR Strosberg, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Opinion statement

Bronchial carcinoids are uncommon tumors accounting for 20 to 30% of all neuroendocrine tumors and about 1–2% of all cancers of pulmonary origin. Bronchial carcinoids are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and have a favorable survival outcome when compared with other subtypes of lung cancers. Treatment of bronchial carcinoids is not simple owing to intricacy of symptom presentation and heterogeneity of disease biology. Successful treatment of patients requires a multimodality approach. Resection is curative in the majority of patients with localized tumors and adjuvant treatment is not routinely recommended. Multiple options for systemic therapy exist for patients with advanced disease. To date, very few randomized clinical trials have been done, partly owing to the relative rarity of this malignancy. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are reasonable first-line choice for patients with tumors expressing somatostatin receptors. Everolimus is an appropriate first-line choice for somatostatin receptor negative tumors and for any patients with progressive disease. PRRT can also be considered for progressive tumors expressing somatostatin receptors. Based on retrospective series, cytotoxic chemotherapy can be selected in patients with progressive tumors, primarily when cytoreduction is needed. Herein, we will discuss evidence supporting the role of adjuvant and systemic treatment therapies for those with bronchial carcinoid tumors by focusing on various studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Dipesh Uprety MD, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson MD, Julian R Molina MD, PhD & Konstantinos Leventakos MD, PhD

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  1. Dipesh Uprety MD
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  2. Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson MD
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  3. Julian R Molina MD, PhD
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  4. Konstantinos Leventakos MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Konstantinos Leventakos MD, PhD.

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Conflict of interest

Dipesh Uprety declares that he has no conflict of interest. Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson has received research funding (paid to Mayo Clinic) from Ipsen and Thermo Fisher Scientific; has received compensation from Curium and Lexicon Pharmaceuticals for service on advisory boards; has received compensation from ScioScientific for preparation of education materials; and has served on an advisory board for Advanced Accelerator Applications, but all compensation was paid to Mayo Clinic. Julian R. Molina declares that he has no conflict of interest. Konstantinos Leventakos has served as a consultant for Takeda and OncLive, but all honoraria were paid to Mayo Clinic.

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Uprety, D., Halfdanarson, T.R., Molina, J.R. et al. Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Adjuvant and Systemic Treatments. Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol. 21, 86 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-00786-0

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