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La Terre et l’Espace: Rockets, Prisons, Protests and Heritage in Australia and French Guiana

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Abstract

Space technology is often represented as global, modern and placeless. But one of the earliest forms of space site, the rocket range, tends to be located in places of a very specific kind: remote and seemingly empty colonies. Because of their distance from the metropole, these places also lend themselves to hosting prisons, detention camps, military installations, nuclear weapons, and nuclear waste. All of these establishments, including rocket ranges, have inspired reactions of protest. These themes are explored at the rocket launch sites of Woomera (Australia) and Kourou (French Guiana). In 2005, Créole groups in French Guiana were demonstrating against the construction of a new launch pad near Kourou that disturbed archaeological material. My arrival, to deliver a talk proposing that protests in Woomera sixty years earlier were an essential part of the heritage of the space age, revealed the entanglement of imprisonment and protest with space exploration.

Resumen

La tecnología espacial es a menudo calificada como global, moderna y sin una localización determinada. Sin embargo, una de las formas más antiguas de los sitios del espacio, el rango de cohetes, tiende a ser ubicada en los lugares de una forma muy específica: colonias remotas y aparentemente vacías. Debido a la distancia desde la metrópoli, los lugares también se arriendan como prisiones, campos de detención, instalaciones militares, lugares para almacenar armas y desperdicios nucleares. Todos estos establecimientos, incluyendo los sitios para lanzar cohetes, han causado protestas. Estos temas son tratados en las sitios de lanzamiento de cohetes de Woomera in Australia y Kourou en Guiana Francesa. En 2005 los grupos creole de la Guiana Francesa hicieron manifestaciones en contra de la construcción de un nueva plataforma de lanzamiento cerca de Kourou que interfería con el material arqueológico. Mi llegada para proponer que las manifestaciones de hace sesenta años en Woomera fueron una parte esencial de la herencia de la era del espacio, reveló la compleja situación en la exploración espacial.

Resumé

La technologie aérospatiale est souvent représentée comme étant globale et moderne, et comme n’ayant pas de point d’attache géographique particulier. Néanmoins, le site de lancement, l’une des formes originelles du site aérospatial, tend à être localisé dans des endroits spécifiques: des colonies éloignées, et apparemment vides de populations. Du fait qu’ils sont sités loin de la métropole, ces endroits ont aussi tendance à accueillir des prisons, des camps de détention, des installations militaires, des armes et des déchets nucléaires. Tous ces endroits, y compris les sites de lancement, ont inspiré des réactions de protestation à leur encontre. Ces thèmes ont été explorés aux sites de lancement de Woomera (Australie) et de Kourou (Guyane Française). En 2005, des groupes créoles de la Guyane Française ont manifesté contre l’établissement d’un nouveau site de lancement près de Kourou, dont la construction a perturbé les vestiges archéologiques de l’endroit. Mon arrivée, (pour présenter une communication proposant que les manifestations ayant eu lieu à Woomera soixante ans plus tôt constituent un élément essentiel du patrimoine de l’ère aérospatiale), a mis en avant le lien étroit qui existe entre emprisonnement, protestation et exploration spatiale.

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Notes

  1. Gitta Sereny (1995[1974]:98-100 and elsewhere) has noted the common tendency to confuse concentration camps with extermination camps.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Juan de Dalmau for his interest and support, and for organising my Kourou research; David Redon for many invaluable discussions, the Centre Spatiale Guyanais for hosting my visit and granting me access to the archives, and the Mairie of Kourou for supporting my presentation at the Mediathèque. Jane Lydon, Heather Burke and Claire Smith kindly commented on earlier versions of this paper, and I am also grateful to the reviewer for their interesting comments. I’d also like to acknowledge Andrew Starkey, Kokatha representative, for earlier contributions to understanding Woomera.

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Gorman, A. La Terre et l’Espace: Rockets, Prisons, Protests and Heritage in Australia and French Guiana. Arch 3, 153–168 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-007-9017-9

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