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High stocking density alters growth performance, blood biochemical profiles, and hepatic antioxidative capacity in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)

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Abstract

This study investigated the effect of stocking density on growth performance, blood biochemical profiles, antioxidative capacity, and muscle quality of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Gibel carps (initial body weight 57.04 ± 1.89 g) were reared at high stocking density (HSD, 10.85 kg m−3), medium stocking density (MSD, 5.06 kg m−3), and low stocking density (LSD, 1.47 kg m−3) for 60 days. The LSD group exhibited the highest growth rate, while HSD significantly inhibited fish growth. The muscular compositions of crude fat, crude ash, and moisture were significantly changed by stocking density, but crude protein content did not differ significantly. The stocking density altered the muscular texture profiles of gibel carp. Compared to either the HSD group or the MSD group, the highest levels of resilience and springiness occurred in the LSD group. Significant differences were observed in the levels of plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, and creatinine among three groups. The fish exhibited the highest level of plasma cortisol as well as the lowest levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the HSD group. The fish stocked in the LSD group showed the highest activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase as well as the highest content of glutathione in liver. The significant highest total antioxidant capacity occurred in the fish stocked in the LSD group. The results showed that HSD resulted in chronic crowding stress, and exerted negative impact on growth performance, muscle quality, and antioxidative capacity of gibel carp.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Haishan Wang, Mei Xiong, Yiqing Sun, Xi Zhang, Wei Chi, and Weitong Xu for their excellent technical assistance in the experiment. The China-Croatia bilateral programme grant supported the work of Marina Piria, Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka, and Ana Gavrilović.

Data availability statement

Data are available upon request.

Funding

This research was supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45-24), China-Central and Eastern Europe Regular Scientific Research Meeting and Exchange Program (9-2), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFD0900303).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Kommaly Onxayvieng, Xiao Liang, Lu Liu, Rong Tang, Li Li & Dapeng Li

  2. Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR

    Kommaly Onxayvieng

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marina Piria, Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka & Ana Gavrilović

Authors
  1. Kommaly Onxayvieng
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  2. Marina Piria
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  3. Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka
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  4. Ana Gavrilović
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  5. Xiao Liang
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  6. Lu Liu
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  7. Rong Tang
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  8. Li Li
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  9. Dapeng Li
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Contributions

Kommaly Onxayvieng carried out this experiment and wrote the original manuscript. Xiao Liang assisted in rearing the experimental fish and drawing figures. Lu Liu participated in the experiment implementation and the manuscript revision. Rong Tang performed the physiological research. Li Li participated in methodology and biochemical analysis. Dapeng Li designed this experiment, made statistical analysis, and revised the manuscript. Marina Piria participated in methodology and draft writing. Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka and Ana Gavrilović polished the language of this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dapeng Li.

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This experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Huazhong Agricultural University, China.

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Onxayvieng, K., Piria, M., Fuka, M.M. et al. High stocking density alters growth performance, blood biochemical profiles, and hepatic antioxidative capacity in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 203–212 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00905-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00905-6

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