Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Kinetic color analysis for assessing the effects of borate and glycerol on thermal modification of wood

  • Original
  • Published:
Wood Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of borate and glycerol impregnation of Douglas-fir heartwood prior to open-air oven thermal modification at 160–200 °C for 2–4 h on wood color were measured. These materials were used to analyze the effects of modifying agents on thermal decomposition of wood by color nondestructive assessments. Kinetic analysis using time–temperature superposition and the horizontal shift factor were employed to quantify color changes. Lightness values were significantly affected by heating time and temperature, while red/green and yellow/blue values were significantly affected by pretreatments and thermal modification temperatures. Total color differences tended to increase with heating temperature and time. The calculated values of the apparent activation energy on non-impregnated, borate-impregnated and glycerol-impregnated wood ranged from 94.9 to 126.4 kJ/mol, 46.5 to 74.3 kJ/mol and 54.3 to 79.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The results suggest that borate and glycerol decreased the apparent activation energy of thermal degradation reactions and could function as a catalyst to accelerate thermal modification. Time–temperature superposition color kinetic analysis could be used to assess the effects of modifying agents on thermal decomposition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Badini C, Saracco G, Russo N, Specchia V (2000) A screening study on the activation energy of vanadate-based catalysts for diesel soot combustion. Catal Lett 69:207–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekhta P, Niemz P (2003) Effect of high temperature on the changes in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung 57:539–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brischke C, Welzbacher CR, Brandt K, Rapp AO (2007) Quality control of thermally modified timber: interrelationship between heat treatment intensities and CIE L* a* b* color data on homogenized wood samples. Holzforschung 61:19–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Furtado EL (2010) Decay resistance of thermally-modified Eucalyptus grandis wood at 140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C. Bioresour Technol 101(23):9391–9394

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Tshabalala MA, Gao J, Stark NM, Fan Y (2014) Color and surface chemistry changes of extracted wood flour after heating at 120 °C. Wood Sci Technol 48:137–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding HZ, Wang ZD (2007) Time–temperature superposition method for predicting the permanence of paper by extrapolating accelerated ageing data to ambient conditions. Cellulose 14:171–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esteves BM, Pereira HM (2009) Wood modification by heat treatment: a review. BioResources 4(1):370–404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esteves BM, Doningos IJ, Pereira HM (2008a) Pine wood modification by heat treatment in air. BioResources 3(1):142–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esteves B, Velez MA, Domingos I, Pereira H (2008b) Heat-induced colour changes of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Sci Technol 42(5):369–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fengel D, Wegener G (1989) Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, p 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Goli G, Marcon B, Fioravanti M (2014) Poplar wood heat treatment: effect of air ventilation rate and initial moisture content on reaction kinetics, physical and mechanical properties. Wood Sci Technol 48(6):1303–1316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson D, Morén T (2006) The potential of colour measurement for strength prediction of thermally treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 64:104–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lekounougou S, Kocaefe D (2014) Effect of thermal modification temperature on the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and biological durability of black spruce (Picea mariana). Wood Mat Sci Eng 9(2):59–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo S, Cao J, Wang X (2013) Investigation of the interfacial compatibility of PEG and thermally modified wood flour/polypropylene composites using the stress relaxation approach. BioResources 8(2):2064–2073

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcon B, Goli G, Matsuo M, Gril J, Kawai S (2018) Kinetic analysis of poplar wood properties by thermal modification in conventional oven. iForest 11:131–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumura Y, Okumura M, Usami Y, Kagawa K, Yamashita H, Anpo M, Haruta M (1997) Low-temperature decomposition of methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen with low activation energy over Pd/ZrO2 catalyst. Catal Lett 44:189–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga M, Obataya E, Minato K, Nakatsubo F (2000) Working mechanism of adsorbed water on the vibrational properties of wood impregnated with extractives of pernambuco (Guilandina echinata Spreng.). J Wood Sci 46:122–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo M, Yokoyama M, Umemura K, Gril J, Yano K, Kawai S (2010) Color changes in wood during heating: kinetic analysis by applying a time–temperature superposition method. Appl Phys A 99:47–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo M, Yokoyama M, Umemura K, Sugiyama J, Kawai S, Gril J, Kubodera S, Mitsutani T, Ozali H, Sakamoto M, Imamura M (2011) Aging of wood: analysis of color changes in cellulose during heat treatment. J Wood Sci 58:113–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo M, Umemura K, Kawai S (2012) Kinetic analysis of color changes in cellulose during heat treatment. J Wood Sci 58:113–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo M, Umemura K, Kawai S (2014) Kinetic analysis of color changes in keyaki (zelkova serrata) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood during heat treatment. J Wood Sci 60:12–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo MU, Mitsui K, Kobayshi I, Kohara M, Yoshida M, Yamamoto H (2016) Effect of hygrothermal treatment on wood properties: color changes and kinetic analysis using four softwood and seven hardwood species. Wood Sci Technol 50:1145–1160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui K, Takada H, Sugiyama M, Hasegawa R (2001) Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 1. Effect of treatment conditions on the change in color. Holzforschung 55:601–605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obataya E, Minato K (2009) Potassium acetate-catalyzed acetylation of wood at low temperatures II: vapor phase acetylation at room temperature. J Wood Sci 55:23–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olarescu MC, Ispas CM, Cosereanu C (2014) Effect of thermal treatment on some properties of lime wood. Eur J Wood Prod 72:559–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poncsάk S, Kocaefe D, Bouazara M, Pichette A (2006) Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera). Wood Sci Technol 40:647–663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg D, Kutnar A, Mantanis G (2018) Wood modification technologies—a review. Forest 10:895–908

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjeerdsma B, Boonstra M, Pizzi A, Tekely P, Militz H (1998) Characterisation of thermally modified wood: molecular reasons for wood performance improvement. Holz Roh Werkst 56:149–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toshimi H (1995) Kinetics of pyrolysis of wood and cellulose. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41(10):879–886

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuong VM, Li J (2010) Effect of heat treatment on the change in color and dimensional stability of acacia hybrid wood. BioResources 5(2):1257–1267

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Chen Z (2016) Dynamic mechanical analysis of viscoelastic properties of heat treated glycerol-impregnation poplar wood. International research group on wood protection document no. IRG/WP/16-40732

  • Yan L, Morrell JJ (2014) Effect of thermal modification on physical and mechanical properties of Douglas-fir heartwood. BioResources 9(4):7152–7161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Morrell JJ (2015) Mold and decay resistance of thermally modified Douglas-fir heartwood. For Prod J 65(5/6):272–277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Cao J, Jin X (2010) Deformation fixation, mechanical properties and chemical analysis of compressed Populus cathayana wood pretreated by glycerin. For Stud China 12(4):213–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Cao J, Gao W, Zhou X, Zhao G (2011) Interaction between glycerin and wood at various temperatures from stress relaxation approach. Wood Sci Technol 45(6):215–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The senior author is grateful for the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) No. 31400500.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Li Yan

  2. Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Jeffrey J. Morrell

Authors
  1. Li Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jeffrey J. Morrell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Yan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yan, L., Morrell, J.J. Kinetic color analysis for assessing the effects of borate and glycerol on thermal modification of wood. Wood Sci Technol 53, 263–274 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-1072-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-1072-4

Search

Navigation