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Papillentumoren: chirurgische Therapie

Ampullary neoplasms: surgical management

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die chirurgische Therapie endoskopisch nicht sanierbarer Adenome und von Karzinomen der Papilla duodeni major (Vateri) und Ampulla hepatopancreatica erfordert eine differenzierte Indikationsstellung sowie eine an das Infiltrationsverhalten dieser Tumoren angepasste Operationstechnik.

Ziel der Arbeit

Basierend auf aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Daten und Entwicklungen sollen die Indikationen zur chirurgischen Resektion, chirurgische Strategien und Dissektionstechniken bei Papillentumoren dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden

Die aktuelle Literatur zur Thematik wurde gesichtet, gemäß vorliegender Evidenz gewertet und darauf basierend zu Empfehlungen zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen

Adenome und Karzinome der Ampullenregion können von intestinalen oder pankreatobiliären Epithelien ausgehen. Bei Ampullenkarzinomen ist die Unterscheidung dieser histopathologischen Subtypen von entscheidender therapeutischer und prognostischer Relevanz. Aufgrund ihrer Entartungstendenz stellen Adenome der Ampullenregion eine Indikation zur Resektion dar. Zur Verfügung stehende Verfahren sind die endoskopische Papillektomie, die chirurgische transduodenale Ampullektomie und die partielle Pankreatoduodenektomie. Die Auswahl des Verfahrens richtet sich nach intraduktaler Tumorausdehnung, Tumorgröße und Dysplasiegrad. Bei klinischem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen eines Ampullenkarzinoms besteht die Indikation zum primär chirurgischen Vorgehen mittels partieller Pankreatoduodenektomie mit systematischer Lymphadenektomie und Level-II-Dissektion des Mesopankreas. Die hinsichtlich onkologischem Gesamtüberleben wesentlichen Prognosefaktoren sind der Lymphknotenstatus und das Vorhandensein einer tumorösen Perineuralscheideninfiltration.

Abstract

Background

Endoscopically unresectable adenomas and carcinomas of the greater duodenal papilla and ampulla of the bile duct necessitate surgical resection. The surgical techniques need to be adapted to local tumor expansion and patterns of infiltrative growth.

Objective

Based on the current scientific data and developments this article provides an overview of indications for surgical resection, surgical strategies and dissection techniques for ampullary tumors.

Material and methods

A review of the literature addressing surgical management of ampullary neoplasms was performed. Current evidence and recommendations were summarized.

Results and conclusion

Ampullary neoplasms can originate from intestinal or pancreatobiliary epithelial cells. Differentiating these histopathological subtypes is of crucial relevance concerning therapeutic strategy and prognosis in ampullary adenocarcinoma. All ampullary adenomas carry a risk of malignant transformation and therefore justify resection. Endoscopic papillectomy, surgical transduodenal ampullectomy and partial pancreatoduodenectomy are suitable resection techniques for ampullary adenoma. The selection of the procedure depends on intraductal tumor extension, tumor size and degree of dysplasia. Ampullary carcinoma is managed by upfront pancreatoduodenectomy comprising systematic lymph node dissection and level II dissection of the mesopancreas. Lymph node status and perineural sheath invasion are key prognostic factors concerning overall survival.

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Correspondence to Martin Schneider.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Schneider und M.W. Büchler geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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M. Schneider

M.W. Büchler, Heidelberg

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Schneider, M., Büchler, M.W. Papillentumoren: chirurgische Therapie. Chirurg 92, 796–802 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-021-01457-y

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