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Experimental study combined with RSM process optimization for removal of the (Safranin O) cationic dye in the aqueous solution using a hydrogel prepared based on cellulosic biomass: an effective and ecological approach

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Abstract

New cellulose-based hydrogels have been synthetically developed by a “one-step” procedure using cellulose, which was dissolved immediately in a NaOH/urea solution, and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking agent. The ratios of cellulose and epichlorohydrin blend employed for the preparation of the hydrogel were 1:1, 1:2, 2:3, and 2:1. This polymerization process was investigated, and the obtained hydrogels were analyzed for their appearance, yield percentage, and water absorption capacity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and XRD were additionally explored in regard to the hydrogel samples. As the industry of textiles generates significant wastewater volumes that contain dangerous substances including dyes, in this study, we sought to utilize the hydrogel samples for the absorption of Safranin O which may be found in wastewater. The hydrogel showed an interesting ability to adsorb and remove Safranin O (SF) dye of up to 224 mg/g. Thermodynamically, the biosorption process was found to be exothermic (∆H < 0) and spontaneous (∆G < 0). The equilibrium results for SF removal by the biosorbent fits the Langmuir model well, indicating that the biosorption of SF which occurs in a monolayer was manifested primarily through the electrostatic driving force pathway. Response surface methodology calculations showed a maximum SF biosorption efficiency of 93.15% under optimal biosorption conditions: pH 6, biosorbent dose of 0.1 g, initial SF concentration of 10 mg L−1, and 90 min adsorption time at 25°C. Regeneration data further indicated that G2 could effectively be reused for up to three cycles, losing only 10% of the initial SF removal efficiency. Finally, it was concluded that the hydrogel (G2) could be used as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and recyclable biosorbent to remove SF dye from water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, PO Box. 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Azeddine Lebkiri, Abdelhay El Amri, Assia Jebli, Basma Zarrik, Khadija Mortadi, Otmane Mqadmi, El mahdi Hbaiz, El Housseine Rifi & Ahmed Lebkiri

  2. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, BP 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Rachid Hsissou

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  1. Azeddine Lebkiri
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  2. Abdelhay El Amri
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Contributions

Azeddine Lebkiri: writing–original draft, data curation, conceptualization, visualization; Abdelhay El Amri: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, resources, funding acquisition, data curation, writing–review and editing; Assia Jebli: visualization, writing–review and editing; Basma Zarrik: conceptualization, writing–review and editing; Khadija Mortadi: data curation, formal analysis, conceptualization; Otmane Mqadmi: conceptualization, writing–review and editing; Rachid Hsissou: review and editing; El mahdi Hbaiz: conceptualization, validation, visualization; El Housseine Rifi: conceptualization, validation, visualization; Ahmed Lebkiri: conceptualization, validation, visualization.

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Correspondence to Abdelhay El Amri or Rachid Hsissou.

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Lebkiri, A., Amri, A.E., Jebli, A. et al. Experimental study combined with RSM process optimization for removal of the (Safranin O) cationic dye in the aqueous solution using a hydrogel prepared based on cellulosic biomass: an effective and ecological approach. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 9867–9886 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05398-4

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