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Biomass-derived activated porous carbon from Manilkara kauki L. bark as potential adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution

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Abstract

This study explores preparation (thermally) and activation (chemically) activated carbon from Manilkara Kauki L. bark (MKB) for the removing of Congo red (CR) dye by batch adsorption method. The surface characteristics of the MKBC were analyzed using SEM and FTIR. Variable experimental parameters, including initial concentration, contact time, and pH, were used to test the MKBC adsorption capacity to remove CR dye. The dye solution pH was alkaline, which favored CR absorption. The Langmuir model well modeled the equilibrium adsorption data. It had an adsorption capability of 3.029 mgg−1 in MKBC and 148.08 mgg−1 in CAC. The best model for adsorption kinetics in pseudo-second order. As a result, the optimum MKBC can serve as a cost-effective and active adsorbent for removing dyes from industrial wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thankfully acknowledged the Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women and Department of Chemistry, Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India, for the research facilities to accomplish this experimental study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627008, India

    Rajeswaran Ramaraj & Banumathi Nagarathinam

  2. Department of Chemistry, Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Neyyoor, 629802, India

    Muthirulan Pandi

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  1. Rajeswaran Ramaraj
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  2. Banumathi Nagarathinam
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Contributions

Rajeswaran Ramaraj: conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, manuscript writing, and editing. Banumathi Nagarathinam: methodology, proofreading, editing. Tanabe Shuji: resources and methodology. Muthirulan Pandi: funding acquisition, resources, supervision, proofreading, editing.

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Correspondence to Muthirulan Pandi.

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Ramaraj, R., Nagarathinam, B. & Pandi, M. Biomass-derived activated porous carbon from Manilkara kauki L. bark as potential adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 9475–9485 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03969-5

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