Abstract
Informed by curriculum theory, this in-depth qualitative case study examined the experiences of one senior teacher, Stephen, as he enacted the first unit of Queensland’s new Earth and Environmental Science (EES) syllabus. This study aimed to understand how Stephen navigated the ‘space’ between the intended and enacted curriculum, by focussing on what informed his teaching practice, and how Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was realised (or otherwise). The realisation of ESD was limited to a few instances of teaching students about sustainability content, as Stephen’s attention was turned to issues of time and student assessment, following major curricular reform. The tensions that Stephen recounted appeared to relate to a narrowed space between the intended and enacted curriculum, which manifested in feelings of reduced teacher autonomy. The implications of these findings for realising ESD in the context of curricular reform, and the importance of teacher reflexivity in achieving ESD, are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Students’ results in General subjects can contribute to an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank, for the purposes of tertiary entrance (QCAA, 2020c). EES is a General subject.
Curriculum into the Classroom planning materials, developed by the Queensland Department of Education, support the enactment of the Australian Curriculum in Queensland schools. See: https://education.qld.gov.au/curriculum/stages-of-schooling/C2C.
Independent public schools are state schools that have greater autonomy in decision-making through enhanced school-based governance, and increased affordances for working and operating in ways that best respond to the needs and aspirations of the school community (Queensland Government Department of Education 2020).
A ‘data test’ is an assessment instrument that contains two to four datasets, and a range of test items that require students to interpret data, calculate using algorithms, and construct short responses (QCAA, 2017).
Cognitive verbs indicate to students the thinking skills they need to apply, and are used across learning areas in the Australian Curriculum, and in Queensland’s senior syllabuses. See QCAA (n.d.b.).
References
Aoki, T. (1986). Teaching as indwelling between two curriculum worlds. In W. Pinar & R. Irwin (Eds.), Curriculum in a new key: The collected works of Ted T. Aoki (pp. 159–165). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Arbuthnott, K. D. (2009). Education for sustainable development beyond attitude change. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 10(2), 152–163.
Archer, M. (2003). Structure, agency and the internal conversation. Cambridge University Press.
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (n.d.). Senior Secondary Curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/senior-secondary-curriculum/
Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2019). [MySchool profile of study school]. Retrieved from https://www.myschool.edu.au/
Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2020). Guide to understanding the Index of Community Socio-educational Advantage (ICSEA). Retrieved from https://www.myschool.edu.au/media/1820/guide-to-understanding-icsea-values.pdf
Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage. (2005). Educating for a sustainable future: A national environmental education statement for Australian schools. Commonwealth of Australia.
Barnes, M., Moore, D., & Almeida, S. (2018). Sustainability in Australian schools: A cross-curriculum priority? Prospects, 4, 377–392.
Ball, S. (1994). Education reform: A critical and post-structural approach. Open University Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Deng, Z., & Luke, A. (2008). Subject matter: Defining and theorizing school subjects. In F. M. Connelly (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of curriculum and instruction (pp. 66–87). Sage Publications.
Ferreira, J., & Davis, J. (2010). Creating deep and broad change through research and systems approaches in early childhood education for sustainability (273–291). In J. Davis (Ed.), Young children and the environment: Early education for sustainability. Cambridge University Press.
Ferreira, J. A., Davis, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2016). Embedding EfS in teacher education through a multi-level systems approach: Lessons from Queensland. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 32(1), 65–79.
Feucht, F. C., Lunn Brownlee, J., & Schraw, G. (2017). Moving beyond reflection: Reflexivity and epistemic cognition in teaching and teacher education. Educational Psychologist, 52(4), 234–241.
Grady, G. (2010). Intrinsic case study. In A. J. Mills, G. Durepos, & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of case study research (pp. 500–502). SAGE Publications.
Hill, A., & Dyment, J. (2016). Hopes and prospects for the sustainability cross-curriculum priority: Provocations from a state-wide case study. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 32(3), 225–242.
Leiserowitz, A. A., Kates, R. W., & Parris, T. M. (2006). Sustainability values, attitudes, and behaviors: A review of multinational and global trends. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 31, 413–444.
Lewthwaite, B., Doyle, T., & Owen, T. (2014). “Did something happen to you over the summer?”: Tensions in intentions for chemistry education. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 15(2), 142–155.
Lingard, B., & Sellar, S. (2013). ‘Catalyst data’: Perverse systemic effects of audit and accountability in Australian schooling. Journal of Educational Policy, 28(5), 634–656.
Lunn Brownlee, J., Ferguson, L. E., & Ryan, M. (2017). Changing teachers’ epistemic cognition: A new conceptual framework for epistemic reflexivity. Educational Psychologist, 52(4), 242–252.
Mockler, N. (2018). Curriculum integration in the twenty-first century: Some reflections in the light of the Australian curriculum. Curriculum Perspectives, 38, 129–136.
Nicholls, J., & Thorne, M. (2017). Queensland teachers’ relationship with the sustainability cross-curriculum priority. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 33(3), 189–200.
Peacock, D., Lingard, B., & Sellar, S. (2015). Texturing space-times in the Australian curriculum: Cross-curriculum priorities. Curriculum Perspectives, 45(4), 367–388.
Pinar, W. F. (2004). What is curriculum theory? Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Poulton, P. (2020). Teacher agency in curriculum reform: The role of assessment in enabling and constraining primary teachers’ agency. Curriculum Perspectives, 40, 35–48.
QSR International. (2020). NVivo (Version 12) [qualitative data analysis software]. Doncaster, Australia: QSR International. Retrieved from http://www.qsrinternational.com
Queensland Board of Senior Secondary School Studies. (2000). Earth science: Senior syllabus. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior/subjects/sciences/earth-science-2000
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2015). Syllabuses, certification and assessment in the senior phase of learning: A comparison between Queensland and Australian and selected international jurisdictions and curriculums. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/downloads/publications/snr_syll_assmt_cert.pdf
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2017). Earth and environmental science: General senior syllabus. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior/new-snr-assessment-te/redev-snr-syll
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (n.d.a.). Senior secondary. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (n.d.b.). Cognitive verbs in the Australian Curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/p-10/aciq/frequently-used-resources/cognitive-verbs
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2020a). Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior/assessment/
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2020b). ATARs and tertiary entrance. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior/australian-tertiary-admission-rank-atar
Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2020c). About general subjects. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/senior/senior-subjects/general-subjects
Queensland Government Department of Education. (2020). Independent public schools. Retrieved from https://education.qld.gov.au/schools-educators/independent-public-schools
Ryan, M., & Barton, G. (2020). Literacy teachers as reflexive agents? Enablers and constraints. The Australian Educational Researcher, 47(2), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00349-9
Ryan, M., & Bourke, T. (2013). The teacher as reflexive professional: Making visible the excluded discourse in teacher standards. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 34(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2012.717193
School Annual Report. (2019). Retrieved from school’s publicly available website.
Schubert, W. (2010). Intended curriculum. In C. Kridel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of curriculum studies. Sage Publications.
Smith, G., & Stevenson, R. (2017). Sustaining education for sustainability in turbulent times. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(2), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2016.1264920
Stake, R. (2000). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications.
Thomas, S. (2011). Teachers and public engagement: An argument for rethinking teacher professionalism to challenge deficit discourses in the public sphere. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32(3), 371–382.
Thomas, D. P., Emery, S., Prain, V., Papageorgiou, J., & McKendrick, A. M. (2019). Influences on local curriculum innovation in times of change: A literacy case study. The Australian Educational Researcher, 46(3), 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-018-0295-6
Tobin, K., & McRobbie, C. (1996). Cultural myths as constraints to the enacted science curriculum. Science Education, 80(2), 223–241.
Tobin, K., & McRobbie, C. (1997). Beliefs about the nature of science and the enacted science curriculum. Science & Education, 6, 355–371.
Tobin, K., McRobbie, C., & Anderson, D. (1998). Dialectical constraints to the discursive practices of a high school physics community. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 34(5), 491–507.
Tomas, L., Mills, R., Rigano, D., & Sandhu, M. (2020). Education for sustainable development in the senior Earth and Environment Science syllabus in Queensland, Australia. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 36(1), 44–62.
van Aalderen-Smeets, S., & Walma van der Molen, J. (2013). Measuring primary teachers' attitudes toward teaching science: Development of the dimensions of attitude toward science (DAS) instrument. International Journal of Science Education, 35(4), 577–600.
Wallace, C., & Priestley, M. (2011). Teacher beliefs and the mediation of curriculum innovation in Scotland: A socio-cultural perspective on professional development and change. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 43(3), 357–381.
Wendt, J. L., & Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. (2018). A psychometric evaluation of the english version of the dimensions of attitudes toward science instrument with a US population of elementary educators. Teaching and Teacher Education, 70, 24–33.
Westbury, I., Aspfors, J., Fries, A., Hansén, S., Ohlhaver, F., Rosenmund, M., & Sivesind, K. (2016). Organizing curriculum change: An introduction. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 48(6), 729–743.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tomas, L., Mills, R. & Gibson, F. “It’s kind of like a cut and paste of the syllabus”: a teacher’s experience of enacting the Queensland Earth and Environmental Science syllabus, and implications for Education for Sustainable Development. Aust. Educ. Res. 49, 445–461 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00439-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00439-7