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Indoor Localization for the Blind Based on the Fusion of a Metaheuristic Algorithm with a Neural Network Using Energy-Efficient WSN

  • Research Article-Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

Blind and visually impaired people experience difficulty positioning themselves in unfamiliar areas; they may become disoriented and need help from another person. Referred to as ‘localization’, this task is one of the significant challenges frequently encountered by blind people in unfamiliar indoor and outdoor environments. This paper aims to design and implement an energy-efficient localization system (EELS) for the blind and visually impaired based on a Zigbee wireless network and an artificial neural network (ANN) used in indoor environments. The ANN algorithm was adopted to improve localization accuracy for the blind and visually impaired. The ANN was fused independently with six metaheuristic algorithms, namely backtracking search algorithm (BSA), crow search algorithm (CSA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), slime mould algorithm (SMA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multi-verse optimizer-ANN (MVO), to determine the optimal neurons and learning rate of ANN. Consequently, the ANN’s performance was optimized and localization errors were improved. In addition, the power consumption of the EELS was minimized based on a proposed energy-efficient localization algorithm (EELA). The experimental results in indoor environments verified the potential of MVO-ANN in improving localization errors, achieving mean errors of 0.55 and 0.65 m in testing and validating phases, respectively. In addition, the EELS achieved a power savings of 63% based on EELA. Moreover, the EELS had better localization accuracy and power savings than other systems reported in the literature.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering staff, Electrical Engineering Technical College at the Middle Technical University, for their support while conducting this study.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Middle Technical University, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Sadik Kamel Gharghan & Siraj Qays Mahdi

  2. Technical Engineering College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq

    Rasha Diaa Al-Kafaji

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq

    Salah L. Zubaidi

  4. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Hussein Mohammed Ridha

Authors
  1. Sadik Kamel Gharghan
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  2. Rasha Diaa Al-Kafaji
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  3. Siraj Qays Mahdi
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  4. Salah L. Zubaidi
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  5. Hussein Mohammed Ridha
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Contributions

Sadik Kamel Gharghan contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, supervision. Rasha Diaa Al-Kafaji contributed to data curation, validation, investigation. Siraj Qays Mahdi contributed to resources, visualization, investigation. Salah L. Zubaidi contributed to software, data curation, writing—reviewing and editing. Hussein Mohammed Ridha contributed to data curation, software, methodology, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sadik Kamel Gharghan.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Gharghan, S.K., Al-Kafaji, R.D., Mahdi, S.Q. et al. Indoor Localization for the Blind Based on the Fusion of a Metaheuristic Algorithm with a Neural Network Using Energy-Efficient WSN. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 6025–6052 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07188-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07188-4

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