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Impact of Phytosanitary Quality of Seed Potato and Temporal Epidemic Progress on the Phenotypic Diversity of Phytophthora infestans Populations

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Abstract

Altogether 365 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were sampled from potatoes propagated from seed potatoes of high (multiplied for two years in open field after meristem phase) and low (commercial certified seed multiplied for several consecutive years in open field) phytosanitary quality at different phases of epidemic progress during the growing seasons of 2001–2007 from field plots at two experimental institutes in Estonia, North-East Europe. High or low phytosanitary quality of seed potatoes had no effect on mating type ratio or response to metalaxyl in populations of P. infestans isolated from these two different groups of potato material. In contrast, the incidence of certain virulence factors, as well as the diversity of pathotypes, was very high in populations collected from potatoes propagated from low-quality seed in comparison to those from high-quality seed. The incidence of A2 mating type and fully metalaxyl sensitive strains was statistically significantly higher at the epidemic outbreak than later during epidemic progress. The incidence of most virulence factors and overall pathotype diversity were not affected by the temporal progress of the epidemic. Rare virulence factors 5 and 9 were more frequent at the outbreak of the epidemic and declined in the population during the course of epidemic.

Resumen

En total, se obtuvieron 365 aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans de papas propagadas por tubérculo-semilla de alta (multiplicada por dos años en campo abierto después de la fase de meristemo) y baja (semilla certificada comercial multiplicada por varios años consecutivos en campo abierto) calidad fitosanitaria, a diferentes fases de progreso de la epidemia durante los ciclos de cultivo de 2001 a 2007 de lotes de campo en dos institutos experimentales en Estonia, Europa del Noreste. La calidad fitosanitaria alta o baja de la semilla de papa no tuvo efecto en la proporción de los grupos de compatibilidad o en la respuesta al metalaxil en poblaciones de P. infestans aisladas de estos dos diferentes grupos de material de papa. En contraste, la incidencia de ciertos factores de virulencia, así como la diversidad de patotipos, fue muy alta en poblaciones colectadas de papas propagadas de semilla de baja calidad en comparación con aquellas de semilla de alta calidad. La incidencia de variantes del grupo de compatibilidad A2 y completamente sensibles a metalaxil fue más alta con significancia estadística al inicio de la epidemia que más tarde, durante el progreso epidémico. La incidencia de factores de mayor virulencia y la diversidad de patotipo en general no se afectaron por el progreso temporal de la epidemia. Los factores de virulencia raros 5 y 9 fueron más frecuentes al estallamiento de la epidemia y declinaron en la población durante el transcurso de la misma.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Renate Lebecka (Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute, Mlochow, Poland) is highly acknowledged for providing differential genotypes. We thank Ann Ojarand for collection of isolates and technical support and Thea Blumberg from Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute for technical assistance. Kevin L. Myers (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA) is thanked for technical support. Anonymous referees are thanked for their constructive remarks and comments. This study was supported by the Estonian Foundation grants no 4734, 6098, 7391 and 9,432; Target Financing SF170057s09 and project RESIST 3.2.0701.11-0003.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia

    Eve Runno-Paurson, Ingrid H. Williams & Marika Mänd

  2. MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production Research, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland

    Asko O. Hannukkala

  3. Department of Plant Biotechnology EVIKA of Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, Teaduse 6a, Saku, 75501, Harjumaa, Estonia

    Katrin Kotkas

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Plant Protection, Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Jõgeva alevik, 48309, Estonia

    Mati Koppel

Authors
  1. Eve Runno-Paurson
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  2. Asko O. Hannukkala
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  3. Katrin Kotkas
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  4. Mati Koppel
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  5. Ingrid H. Williams
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Correspondence to Eve Runno-Paurson.

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Runno-Paurson, E., Hannukkala, A.O., Kotkas, K. et al. Impact of Phytosanitary Quality of Seed Potato and Temporal Epidemic Progress on the Phenotypic Diversity of Phytophthora infestans Populations. Am. J. Potato Res. 90, 245–254 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9299-y

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