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Urine NMR Metabolomic Study on Biochemical Activities to Investigate the Effect of P. betle Extract on Obese Rats

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Abstract

The present studies are to evaluate the ability of PB to induce weight loss and urine metabolite profile of Piper betle L. (PB) leaf extracts using metabolomics approach. Dried PB leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the studies were performed in different groups of rats fed with high fat (HFD) and normal diet (ND). Then, fed with the PB extract with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg and two negative control groups given water (WTR). The body weights were monitored and evaluated. Urine was collected and 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach was used to detect the metabolite changes. Results showed that PB-treated group demonstrated inhibition of body weight gain. The trajectory of urine metabolites showed that PB-treated group gave the different distribution from week 12 to 16 compared with the control groups. In 1H NMR metabolomic approach analysis, the urine metabolites gave the best separation in principle component 1 and 3, with 40.0% and 9.56% of the total variation. Shared and unique structures (SUS) plot model showed that higher concentration PB-treated group was characterized by high level of indole-3-acetate, aspartate, methanol, histidine, and creatine, thus caused an increased the metabolic function and maintaining the body weight of the animals treated.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by Science Fund Grant (02-03-02-SF0227) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zuleen Delina Fasya Abdul Ghani & Zamri Chik

  2. Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section 2, P.O. Box 7035, 40911, Shah Alam, Malaysia

    Zuleen Delina Fasya Abdul Ghani & Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid

  3. Institut Biosains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khozirah Shaari

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  1. Zuleen Delina Fasya Abdul Ghani
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  2. Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid
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  4. Zamri Chik
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Contributions

All authors have their contribution on analyzed and interpreted the data regarding the body weight and urine NMR spectral data of metabolomic approach. ZDF performed the animal studies, preparation of urine samples, and acquisition of 1H-NMR spectra and also was a major contributor in writing the manuscript with ZC. AH and KS performed the manuscript checking. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zamri Chik.

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The animal studies were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Malaya (UM IACUC) with ethic reference no: FAR/31/01/2013/ZDFAG(R).

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Abdul Ghani, Z.D.F., Ab Rashid, A.H., Shaari, K. et al. Urine NMR Metabolomic Study on Biochemical Activities to Investigate the Effect of P. betle Extract on Obese Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 189, 690–708 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-019-03042-w

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