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Functional and biological activities of Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) protein by proteomic and bioinformatic analyses

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Abstract

Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) is a traditional food in Southeast Asia that has been consumed for centuries. In addition to its high protein content, numerous researchers are now exploring the functional proteins of EBN, which have yet to be identified. The present study investigates the EBN proteome by integrating mass spectrometry with protein-based bioinformatics analysis. For protein recovery, three different precipitation techniques were employed; of these, the ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation technique produced the highest protein yield (74.85%, p < 0.05). The AS precipitation technique was effective in preserving the integrity of EBN proteins as revealed by protein electrophoresis. A total of 35 proteins were identified in the EBN-AS proteins. The predominant function of EBN-AS proteins is immunomodulation, which was further confirmed by their antioxidant [DPPH· activity (23.86%) and ABTS·+ activity (41.97%)], anti-inflammatory [inhibition of nitric oxide production (22.84%), and inhibition of albumin denaturation (19.48%)] assay. Hence, EBN-AS proteins have the potential to regulate the immune system and could be used as natural ingredients for the development of functional foods.

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The data are available upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The study was funded by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) through an Industry/International Incentive Grant (Grant No: Q.J130000.3651.02M53).

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  1. Chia Hau Lee and Norfadilah Hamdan have made an equal contribution to this work and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Chia Hau Lee, Norfadilah Hamdan & Ting Hun Lee

  2. Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, Pen Resource University, P. M. B 086, Lafiyawo-Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria

    Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Syie Luing Wong

  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Keng Yinn Wong

  5. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Haryati Jamaluddin

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Chia Hau Lee: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original Draft.: Norfadilah Hamdan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis.: Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma: Writing—Review & Editing.: Syie Luing Wong: Visualization.: Keng Yinn Wong: Software.: Haryati Jamaluddin: Resources, Supervision.: Ting Hun Lee: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

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Lee, C.H., Hamdan, N., Nyakuma, B.B. et al. Functional and biological activities of Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) protein by proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. Food Measure 18, 3018–3031 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-024-02383-3

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