Abstract
In this study, we report the role of exogenous and endogenous cytokinins on growth and sexual organ development in the fern Blechnum spicant L. Spore-derived gametophytes (SG) were cultured in full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) liquid medium supplemented with (a) 4.44 μMN6-benzyladenine (BAP), (b) a crude extract from mature female gametophytes, and (c) 4.44 μM BAP in combination with the crude extract from mature gametophytes, respectively. Both BAP and the crude extract delayed the gametophyte development, and this effect was increased when they were added together. With respect to sexual organ development, BAP inhibited the sexual organ formation, while the crude extract favored antheridia formation; however, when added together, the percentage of antheridia decreased. The endogenous level of the cytokinins cis-zeatin (cZ), cis-zeatin-riboside (cZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), isopentenyl-9-glucoside (iP9G), trans-zeatin (tZ), and trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) were analyzed in female and male gametophytes of B. spicant L. The endogenous levels of cytokinins tZ, cZ, DHZ, cZR, iP, and iPR were higher in female gametophytes than in male gametophytes, with the endogenous iP and iPR content being increased more than 300 and 400 times, respectively.
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Abbreviations
- BAP:
-
N6-benzyladenine
- cZ:
-
cis-zeatin
- cZR:
-
cis-zeatin riboside
- DHZ:
-
Dihydrozeatin
- DHZR:
-
Dihydrozeatin riboside
- HG:
-
Gametophytes regenerated from homogenized mature gametophytes
- HPLC-MS/MS:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- iP:
-
Isopentenyladenine
- iP9G:
-
Isopentenyl adenine-9-glucoside
- iPR:
-
Isopentenyladenosine
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium (1962)
- SG:
-
Spore-derived gametophytes
- tZ:
-
trans-zeatin
- tZR:
-
trans-zeatin riboside
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Scientific Program Ramon and Cajal of the Science and Technologies Ministry and FICYT for supporting this research. They are also grateful to the Government Principado of Asturias, founder of PCTI 2006–2009.
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Menéndez, V., Revilla, M.A., Fal, M.A. et al. The effect of cytokinins on growth and sexual organ development in the gametophyte of Blechnum spicant L.. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 96, 245–250 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9481-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9481-y