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Impaired health-related quality of life in the HCV cure era: who is concerned? (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER French cohort)

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Abstract

Purpose

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, specific groups with chronic HCV may still exhibit worse post-cure HRQoL because of persisting severe liver fibrosis or social vulnerability factors (e.g. unhealthy alcohol use, living in poverty). We assessed the effect of such factors on longitudinal measures of HRQoL in chronic HCV patients.

Methods

ANRS CO22 HEPATHER is a prospective cohort of chronic HCV patients receiving DAAs, which included notably patients with social vulnerability factors, a population usually under-represented in clinical trials. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression models helped identify factors associated with longitudinal measures of HRQoL (PROQOL-HCV scores).

Results

At enrolment, 52.4% of the 2740 participants were men, median age was 56 years [interquartile range 50–64], and 21.5% had severe liver fibrosis (FIB-4 > 3.25). Twenty-eight per cent reported current or past unhealthy alcohol use [> 2(3) alcohol units per day for women (men)], and 28.1% were living in poverty (standard of living under 1015€/month per household consumption unit). At first PROQOL-HCV completion, 54.0% of patients were HCV-cured. After multivariable adjustment, people with current or past unhealthy alcohol use, individuals living in poverty, those with severe liver fibrosis, and women had worse HRQoL in the dimensions explored. Conversely, HCV cure was associated with better HRQoL.

Conclusions

Specific socially vulnerable groups of patients with chronic HCV infection still experience impaired HRQoL, independently of HCV cure. Patient-centred interventions, including social support and referral for comorbidities, should be prioritized for them.

Trial registration with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01953458.

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Data availability

Data are available upon request to the scientific committee of the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort, which includes the authors of the manuscript (contact: fabrice.carrat@iplesp.upmc.fr).

Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine transaminase

AST:

Aspartate transaminase

BMI:

Body mass index

CLDQ-HCV:

Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-Hepatitis C Virus

DAAs:

Direct-acting antivirals

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HRQoL:

Health-related quality of life

IQR:

Interquartile range

MSM:

Man who has sex with men

PROQOL-HCV:

Patient-Reported Outcome Quality of Life survey for HCV

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SVR:

Sustained virological response

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Acknowledgements

We thank all of the members of the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort Study Group, all the patients who participated in the HRQoL study, and all the healthcare staff involved in patient follow-up in each centre. Our thanks also to the INSERM-ANRS MIE for sponsoring, funding and supervising the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort in collaboration with the French Association for the Study of the Liver (Association Française pour l’Etude du Foie: AFEF). Finally, we thank Jude Sweeney (Milan, Italy) for the English revision and copyediting of our manuscript. The ANRS/AFEF HEPATHER Study Group: Investigators Laurent Alric, Delphine Bonnet, Océane Camou (CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France), Fabien Zoulim, Marianne Maynard, François Bailly, Bénédicte Poumaroux, Miroslava Subic (Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), François Raffi, Eric Billaud, David Boutoille, Maeva Lefebvre, Elisabeth André-Garnier (Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France), Paul Cales, Isabelle Hubert, Clémence Canivet, Françoise Lunel, Jérôme Boursier (CHU Angers, Angers, France), Tarik Asselah, Nathalie Boyer, Nathalie Giuily, Corinne Castelnau, Giovanna Scoazec (Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France), Stanislas Pol, Hélène Fontaine, Lucia Parlati, Emilie Rousseaud, Anaïs Vallet-Pichard, Philippe Sogni (Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France), Victor de Ledinghen, Juliette Foucher, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Paul Hermabessière, Marie Irlès-Depé (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, Bordeaux, France), Marc Bourlière, Si Nafa Si Ahmed, Valérie Oules, Rania Kibeche (Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France), Albert Tran, Rodolphe Anty, Eve Gelsi, Régine Truchi (CHU de Nice, Nice, France), Dominique Thabut, Saloua Hammeche, Joseph Moussali (Hôpital de la Pitié Salptétrière, Paris, France), Xavier Causse, Barbara De Dieuleveult, Brahim Ouarani, Damien Labarrière, Magali Jeulin (CHR La Source, Orléans, France), Nathalie Ganne, Véronique Grando-Lemaire, Pierre Nahon, Séverine Brulé, Lucie Del Pozo (Avicenne, Bobigny, France), Caroline Jezequel, Audrey Brener (CHU Rennes, Rennes, France), François Habersetzer, Thomas F. Baumert, Lawrence Serfaty, Pauline Simo-Noumbissie, Alexandre Bolle (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France), Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Mouni Bensenane-Oussalah, Vincent Haghnejad, Sébastien Daude, Sarah Hadj-Rhouma (CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France), Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Dominique Larrey, Magda Meszaros (Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France), Sophie Metivier, Christophe Bureau, Thibault Morales, Jean Marie Peron, Hélène Larrue (CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France), Thomas Decaens, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Charlotte Costentin, Bleuenn Brusset, Agnès Bonadona (CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France), Ghassan Riachi, Odile Goria, Fatima Paris, Hélène Montialoux (CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France), Vincent Leroy, Giuliana Amaddeo, Anne Varaut, Mélanie Simoes, Rachida Amzal, Slim Fourati (Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France), Olivier Chazouillières, Tony Andreani, Bénédicte Angoulevant, Azeline Chevance (Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France), Jean-Charles Duclos Vallée, Audrey Coilly, Rodolphe Sobesky, Alina Pascale (Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France), Benjamin Buchard, Armand Abergel, Maud Reymond, Chanteranne Brigitte, Léon Muti (Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France), Vincent Di Martino (Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon, France), Claire Geist, Guillaume Conroy, Raphaëlle Riffault (Centre Hospitalier Régional, Metz, France), Isabelle Rosa, Camille Barrault, Laurent Costes, Anne Wampach (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Créteil, France), Véronique Loustaud-Ratti, Paul Carrier, Maryline Debette-Gratien, (CHU Limoges, Limoges, France), Christine Silvain, Valentin Rolle, Valérie Roumy, Astrid Guyot d’Asnières de Salins (Hôpital de la Milétrie, Poitiers, France), Philippe Mathurin, Guillaume Lassailly, Elise Lemaitre, Valérie Canva, Sébastien Dharancy, Alexandre Louvet (CHRU Claude Huriez, Lille, France), Anne Minello, Marianne Latournerie, Thomas Mouillot Léa Lerosey, Théophile Gerster (Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France), Dominique Roulot, Zahia Ben Abdesselam, (Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France), Louis D’Alteroche, Coralie Fleurent, Charlotte Nicolas, Laure Elkrief, Anaïs Jaillais (CHU Trousseau, 37044 Tours, France), Denis Ouzan (Institut Arnault Tzank, Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France), Jérôme Gournay, Caroline Chevalier, Isabelle Archambeaud (CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France), Isabelle Portal (CHU Timone, Marseille, France), Thông Dao (Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France), Moana Gelu-Simeon, Marie-Josée Lafrance, Lucie Catherine (CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe). Methodology and Coordinating Centre Fabrice Carrat (coordinator), Frederic Chau, Céline Dorival, Isabelle Goderel, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Jonathan Bellet, Jessica Chane-Teng, Grégory Pannetier, Jérôme Nicol (Sorbonne University & INSERM U1136—IPLESP, Paris, France). Sponsor Carole Cagnot, Anaïs Boston, Laura Nailler, Guillaume Le Meut, Cécile Moins, Elise Landry (INSERM-ANRS-MIE, Paris, France), Alpha Diallo (Pharmacovigilance coordinator), Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez (coordinator). Scientific Committee Marc Bourlière (Hôpital St Joseph, Marseille), Jérôme Boursier (CHU Angers, Angers, France), Fabrice Carrat (Scientific Coordinator, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France), Patrizia Carrieri (INSERM U912, Marseille, France), Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau (Inserm UMR1181, Paris), Victor De Ledinghen (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, Bordeaux, France), Céline Dorival (UPMC & INSERM U1136, Paris, France), Hélène Fontaine (Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France), Slim Fourati (Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France), Chantal Housset (Inserm UMR-S938 1 IFR65, Paris), Dominique Larrey (Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France), Pierre Nahon (Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France), Georges-Philippe Pageaux (Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France), Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez (ANRS, Paris, France), Stanislas Pol (Principal Investigator, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France), Mathias Bruyand (Agence Nationale de Santé Publique, Saint Maurice, France), Linda Wittkop (ISPED-INSERM U897, Bordeaux, France), Fabien Zoulim (Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), Jessica Zucman-Rossi (Inserm U674/1162, Paris). Cécile Brouard (Agence Nationale de Santé Publique, Saint Maurice, France), Frederic Chau, Isabelle Goderel, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Jonathan Bellet, Jessica Chane-Teng, Grégory Pannetier, Jérôme Nicol (Sorbonne University & INSERM U1136—IPLESP, Paris, France). Marianne L’hennaff (ARCAT-TRT-5-CHV, France), Michèle Sizorn (SOS hépatites, France); one representative from the INSERM-ANRS-MIE Pharmacovigilance team, Paris, France (Anaïs Boston, Alpha Diallo), Carole Cagnot (INSERM-ANRS-MIE, Paris, France), one member from Inserm Transfert, Paris, France (Alice Bousselet, Mireille Caralp), and one representative from each pharmaceutical company (MSD, Gilead, Abbvie).

Funding

The ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort received financial support from INSERM-ANRS MIE (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-VIH Hépatites, Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes), the French ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) ANR-11-EQPX-0021 and France 2030 ANR-19-COHO-0002, the French DGS (Direction Générale de la Santé), Merck Sharp and Dohme, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead, Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Roche. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Martin Duracinsky and Fabienne Marcellin have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France

    Patrizia Carrieri, Marc Bourlière, Vincent Di Beo, Clémence Ramier, Saskia Antwerpes, Camelia Protopopescu, Abbas Mourad & Fabienne Marcellin

  2. Hôpital St Joseph, Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Marseille, France

    Marc Bourlière

  3. Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

    Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga & Fabrice Carrat

  4. INSERM Transfert, Paris, France

    Jean-Marc Lacombe

  5. Université de Paris, AP-HP, Département d’hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

    Stanislas Pol & Hélène Fontaine

  6. Département de Médecine Interne et d’immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

    Martin Duracinsky

  7. Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France

    Martin Duracinsky

  8. Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO) AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France

    Martin Duracinsky

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  1. Patrizia Carrieri
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  2. Marc Bourlière
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  3. Vincent Di Beo
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  4. Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga
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  5. Clémence Ramier
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  6. Saskia Antwerpes
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  7. Camelia Protopopescu
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  8. Jean-Marc Lacombe
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  9. Stanislas Pol
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  10. Hélène Fontaine
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  11. Abbas Mourad
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  12. Fabrice Carrat
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  13. Martin Duracinsky
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  14. Fabienne Marcellin
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Consortia

The ANRS/AFEF HEPATHER Study Group

  • Laurent Alric
  • , Delphine Bonnet
  • , Océane Camou
  • , Fabien Zoulim
  • , Marianne Maynard
  • , François Bailly
  • , Bénédicte Poumaroux
  • , Miroslava Subic
  • , François Raffi
  • , Eric Billaud
  • , David Boutoille
  • , Maeva Lefebvre
  • , Elisabeth André-Garnier
  • , Paul Cales
  • , Isabelle Hubert
  • , Clémence Canivet
  • , Françoise Lunel
  • , Jérôme Boursier
  • , Tarik Asselah
  • , Nathalie Boyer
  • , Nathalie Giuily
  • , Corinne Castelnau
  • , Giovanna Scoazec
  • , Stanislas Pol
  • , Hélène Fontaine
  • , Lucia Parlati
  • , Emilie Rousseaud
  • , Anaïs Vallet-Pichard
  • , Philippe Sogni
  • , Victor de Ledinghen
  • , Juliette Foucher
  • , Jean-Baptiste Hiriart
  • , Paul Hermabessière
  • , Marie Irlès-Depé
  • , Marc Bourlière
  • , Si Nafa Si Ahmed
  • , Valérie Oules
  • , Rania Kibeche
  • , Albert Tran
  • , Rodolphe Anty
  • , Eve Gelsi
  • , Régine Truchi
  • , Dominique Thabut
  • , Saloua Hammeche
  • , Joseph Moussali
  • , Xavier Causse
  • , Barbara De Dieuleveult
  • , Brahim Ouarani
  • , Damien Labarrière
  • , Magali Jeulin
  • , Nathalie Ganne
  • , Véronique Grando-Lemaire
  • , Pierre Nahon
  • , Séverine Brulé
  • , Lucie Del Pozo
  • , Caroline Jezequel
  • , Audrey Brener
  • , François Habersetzer
  • , Thomas F. Baumert
  • , Lawrence Serfaty
  • , Pauline Simo-Noumbissie
  • , Alexandre Bolle
  • , Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
  • , Mouni Bensenane-Oussalah
  • , Vincent Haghnejad
  • , Sébastien Daude
  • , Sarah Hadj-Rhouma
  • , Georges-Philippe Pageaux
  • , Dominique Larrey
  • , Magda Meszaros
  • , Sophie Metivier
  • , Christophe Bureau
  • , Thibault Morales
  • , Jean Marie Peron
  • , Hélène Larrue
  • , Thomas Decaens
  • , Marie-Noelle Hilleret
  • , Charlotte Costentin
  • , Bleuenn Brusset
  • , Agnès Bonadona
  • , Ghassan Riachi
  • , Odile Goria
  • , Fatima Paris
  • , Hélène Montialoux
  • , Vincent Leroy
  • , Giuliana Amaddeo
  • , Anne Varaut
  • , Mélanie Simoes
  • , Rachida Amzal
  • , Slim Fourati
  • , Olivier Chazouillières
  • , Tony Andreani
  • , Bénédicte Angoulevant
  • , Azeline Chevance
  • , Jean-Charles Duclos Vallée
  • , Audrey Coilly
  • , Rodolphe Sobesky
  • , Alina Pascale
  • , Benjamin Buchard
  • , Armand Abergel
  • , Maud Reymond
  • , Chanteranne Brigitte
  • , Léon Muti
  • , Vincent Di Martino
  • , Claire Geist
  • , Guillaume Conroy
  • , Raphaëlle Riffault
  • , Isabelle Rosa
  • , Camille Barrault
  • , Laurent Costes
  • , Anne Wampach
  • , Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
  • , Paul Carrier
  • , Maryline Debette-Gratien
  • , Christine Silvain
  • , Valentin Rolle
  • , Valérie Roumy
  • , Astrid Guyot d’Asnières de Salins
  • , Philippe Mathurin
  • , Guillaume Lassailly
  • , Elise Lemaitre
  • , Valérie Canva
  • , Sébastien Dharancy
  • , Alexandre Louvet
  • , Anne Minello
  • , Marianne Latournerie
  • , Thomas Mouillot Léa Lerosey
  • , Théophile Gerster
  • , Dominique Roulot
  • , Zahia Ben Abdesselam
  • , Louis D’Alteroche
  • , Coralie Fleurent
  • , Charlotte Nicolas
  • , Laure Elkrief
  • , Anaïs Jaillais
  • , Denis Ouzan
  • , Jérôme Gournay
  • , Caroline Chevalier
  • , Isabelle Archambeaud
  • , Isabelle Portal
  • , Thông Dao
  • , Moana Gelu-Simeon
  • , Marie-Josée Lafrance
  • , Lucie Catherine
  • , Fabrice Carrat
  • , Frederic Chau
  • , Céline Dorival
  • , Isabelle Goderel
  • , Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga
  • , Jonathan Bellet
  • , Jessica Chane-Teng
  • , Grégory Pannetier
  • , Jérôme Nicol
  • , Carole Cagnot
  • , Anaïs Boston
  • , Laura Nailler
  • , Guillaume Le Meut
  • , Cécile Moins
  • , Elise Landry
  • , Alpha Diallo
  • , Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
  • , Marc Bourlière
  • , Jérôme Boursier
  • , Fabrice Carrat
  • , Patrizia Carrieri
  • , Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
  • , Victor De Ledinghen
  • , Céline Dorival
  • , Hélène Fontaine
  • , Slim Fourati
  • , Chantal Housset
  • , Dominique Larrey
  • , Pierre Nahon
  • , Georges-Philippe Pageaux
  • , Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
  • , Stanislas Pol
  • , Mathias Bruyand
  • , Linda Wittkop
  • , Fabien Zoulim
  • , Jessica Zucman-Rossi
  • , Cécile Brouard
  • , Frederic Chau
  • , Isabelle Goderel
  • , Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga
  • , Jonathan Bellet
  • , Jessica Chane-Teng
  • , Grégory Pannetier
  • , Jérôme Nicol
  • , Marianne L’hennaff
  • , Michèle Sizorn
  • , Anaïs Boston
  • , Alpha Diallo
  • , Carole Cagnot
  • , Alice Bousselet
  •  & Mireille Caralp

Contributions

Study concept and design: PC, FC, HF, MD; data acquisition: MB, CLN, SP, HF, FC, MD; data analysis and interpretation: PC, VdB, CR, SA, CP, JML, AM, MD, FM; drafting of the manuscript: PC, VdB, SA; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: PC, MB, VdB, CLN, CR, SA, CP, JML, SP, HF, AM, FC, MD, FM; statistical analysis: VdB, CR; obtaining of funding: PC, MD; administrative, technical, and material support: CLN; study supervision: PC, MD. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Camelia Protopopescu.

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Competing interests

Patrizia Carrieri received research grants from MSD and Intercept unrelated to this work. Marc Bourlière reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Boehringher Ingelheim, personal fees from Intercept, and personal fees from BMS, all outside the submitted work. Stanislas Pol has served as a speaker, a consultant and an advisory board member for Janssen, Gilead, Roche, MSD, Abbvie, Biotest, Shinogi, Vivv, and LFB. He has received funding from Gilead, Abbvie, Roche and MSD for research not connected to the present work. Hélène Fontaine reports personal fees and invitations to medical meetings from Gilead, Abbvie, BMS, MSD, Janssen, MSD outside the present work. Fabrice Carrat reports grants from INSERM-ANRS during the implementation of this study and personal fees from Imaxio, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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Collaborators of The ANRS/AFEF HEPATHER Study Group are listed in “Acknowledgements”.

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Carrieri, P., Bourlière, M., Di Beo, V. et al. Impaired health-related quality of life in the HCV cure era: who is concerned? (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER French cohort). Qual Life Res 32, 3427–3438 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03496-w

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