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Icephobic characteristics of organically functionalized silica surfaces

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Abstract

The current study aims to develop a non-fluorinated, silica surface to enhance anti-icing behavior. For this purpose, two strategies namely Co-condensation (CC) and Seed growth (SG) were investigated within the one-step sol-gel synthesis. In order to achieve hydrophobicity, organofunctional silanes specifically vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were utilized along with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursors. Hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticle was also preferred for the SG strategy. The ratio of silica precursors in sol composition and heat treatment were investigated as synthesis parameters. The evaluation of structural, morphological, and topological changes was carried out by FTIR, SEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements. Additionally, the anti-icing behavior of the developed silica surface was investigated by ice adhesion pull-off tests. The thermal conductivity measurements were also conducted on selected silica surfaces. The curing process, applied to CC-series samples led to notable improvements in contact angle values (99°–135°) with low ice-adhesion forces (56–125 kPa). In the SG-series, the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles, on the other hand, did not cause a noticeable change in the obtained contact angle values. Nevertheless, all SG-series samples exhibited enhanced hydrophobic characteristics (contact angle: 119–146° and sliding angle <10°). The sample NP0.5-T1V1P1 from SG-series demonstrated promising characteristics for anti-icing applications due to their extremely low adhesion strength (18 kPa) and low thermal conductivity (0.1231 W/mK) values.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Nonfluorinated icephobic silica-based sol-gel coatings were developed.

  • VTMS used in conjunction with PDMS improved the hydrophobicity of the surfaces.

  • The effects of process parameters on the wettability properties were investigated.

  • Hydrophobic coating (WCA = 145.6°) were developed on glass substrates by dip-coating.

  • The coating exhibited anti-icing (τice = 18 kPa) and thermal insulation (k = 0.123 W/mK) properties.

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Author contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, characterization, and data collection were performed by FK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by FK, SSÇ, and NG. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100, İzmir, Turkey

    Fatoş Koç

  2. Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100, İzmir, Turkey

    Selay Sert Çok & Nilay Gizli

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  1. Fatoş Koç
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Correspondence to Nilay Gizli.

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Koç, F., Sert Çok, S. & Gizli, N. Icephobic characteristics of organically functionalized silica surfaces. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06279-4

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