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Carboxymethyl and Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Additives on the Preparation of Chitosan Biocomposites: Their Influence Over Films Characteristics

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to prepare chitosan composite films with commercial carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) from palmito sheaths pulp (agroindustrial discard) and compare their influence over the film’s properties. The morphology of cellulose additives influenced their interaction with the polymer matrix as verified on the FTIR spectra and on the SEM images, where the poor dispersibility of CMC could be visualized as aggregates and clusters on chitosan matrix. The extensive defibrillated particles of CNF were well dispersed mainly by their high number of hydrogen bridges that promoted an increase in crystallinity index even in the low level of addition (0.5%). Molecule interactions directly influenced the film’s mechanical properties, where the addition of 1.5% of CNF resulted in an increment of 1.300% for Young’s modulus and 280% for tensile strength; a reduction of 20% of UV light transmittance and a decrease of almost 50% on water absorption. By the other side, even with an increase on the crystallinity index, the addition of CMC resulted in films with low mechanical and barrier properties as compared to the control film. The addition of nanocellulose overcame chitosan main weakness and leaded to a total renewable, biodegradable nanocomposite with adequate mechanical and physical properties to be applied on package development and with the extra attractive of being obtained from an agroindustrial residue, contributing with sustainability and environmental safety concerns.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for granting the postdoctoral scholarship to the lead author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, 80210-170, Brazil

    Talita Szlapak Franco & Graciela Bolzon de Muniz

  2. University of Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Talita Szlapak Franco, Rosa María Jiménez Amezcua, Salvador García Enriquez, Maite Renteria Urquíza & Eduardo Mendizábal Mijares

  3. Michoacan University of San Nicholás Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica SN, Felícitas del Río, 58004, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico

    Adriana Villa Rodrìguez

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  2. Rosa María Jiménez Amezcua
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Correspondence to Talita Szlapak Franco.

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Franco, T.S., Amezcua, R.M.J., Rodrìguez, A.V. et al. Carboxymethyl and Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Additives on the Preparation of Chitosan Biocomposites: Their Influence Over Films Characteristics. J Polym Environ 28, 676–688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01639-0

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