Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Irradiation of Mo–Cu Superconducting Bilayer Films with MeV Protons

  • Published:
Journal of Low Temperature Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For X-ray applications, microcalorimeters are increasingly dependent on the superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) technology. We are developing TES devices based on Mo–Cu bilayer films for the proposed Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) satellite mission. To investigate the possible impact of a space radiation environment on the stability of the bilayer films, we conducted an irradiation experiment on Mo–Cu bilayer samples with 1 MeV protons at room temperatures and liquid nitrogen temperatures. With data recorded in real time, we noticed that the changes in the electrical resistance of the film samples were not apparent during irradiation at room temperatures, before and after irradiation, but were evident at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Furthermore, following the irradiation runs, we warmed up the irradiated film samples and placed them in a refrigerator to measure their superconducting transition temperatures (\(T_\textrm{c}\)) and residual resistivity (\(\rho _{3\textrm{K}}\)). We found no systematic change in \(T_\textrm{c}\) and \(\rho _{3\textrm{K}}\). We discuss the results in terms of the vacancies and interstitials in the test samples that are produced by irradiation, as well as the effects of heating caused by irradiation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. Ziegler, James F., Ziegler, M. D., and Biersack, J. P., SRIM-2013: The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter Software (Version 2013). Available from http://www.srim.org.

References

  1. D. McCammon, Thermal equilibrium calorimeters—an introduction, in Enss, C. (ed.) Cryogenic Particle Detection, pp. 1–34 (Springer, Berlin, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/10933596_1

  2. M.S. Tashiro, XRISM: X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 31(2), 2230001 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271822300014, arXiv:2007.03843 [astro-ph.HE]

  3. P. Peill, D. Barret, V. Albouys, J.-W. Herder, L. Piro, M. Cappi, J. Huovelin, R. Kelley, J.M. Mas-Hesse, K. Mitsuda, S. Paltani, G. Rauw, A. Rozanska, J. Svoboda, J. Wilms, The X-ray integral field unit instrument: science, design, performances and status, in Proc. SPIE 11444, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, vol. 11444, p. 114440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562617

  4. K.D. Irwin, G.C. Hilton, Transition-edge sensors, in: Enss, C. (ed.) Cryogenic Particle Detection, pp. 63–150 (Springer, Berlin, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/10933596_3

  5. W. Cui, L.-B. Chen, B. Gao, F.-L. Guo, H. Jin, G.-L. Wang, L. Wang, J.-J. Wang, W. Wang, Z.-S. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Yuan, W. Zhang, Hubs: Hot universe baryon surveyor. J. Low Temp. Phys. 199, 502–509 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02279-3

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Cui, J.N. Bregman, M.P. Bruijn, L.-B. Chen, Y. Chen, C. Cui, T.-T. Fang, B. Gao, H. Gao, J.-R. Gao, L. Gottardi, K.-X. Gu, F.-L. Guo, J. Guo, C.-L. He, P.-F. He, J.-W. den Herder, Q.-S. Huang, F.-J. Li, J.-T. Li, J.-J. Li, L.-Y. Li, T.-P. Li, W.-B. Li, J.-T. Liang, Y.-J. Liang, G.-Y. Liang, Y.-J. Liu, Z. Liu, Z.-Y. Liu, F. Jaeckel, L. Ji, W. Ji, H. Jin, X. Kang, Y.-X. Ma, D. McCammon, H.-J. Mo, K. Nagayoshi, K. Nelms, R. Qi, J. Quan, M.L. Ridder, Z.-X. Shen, A. Simionescu, E. Taralli, Q.D. Wang, G.-L. Wang, J.-J. Wang, K. Wang, L. Wang, S.-F. Wang, S.-J. Wang, T.-G. Wang, W. Wang, X.-Q. Wang, Y.-L. Wang, Y.-R. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.-S. Wang, N.-Y. Wen, M. de Wit, S.-F. Wu, D. Xu, D.-D. Xu, H.-G. Xu, X.-J. Xu, R.-X. Xu, Y.-Q. Xue, S.-Z. Yi, J. Yu, L.-W. Yang, F. Yuan, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Q. Zhong, Y. Zhou, W.-X. Zhu, HUBS: a Dedicated Hot Circumgalactic Medium Explorer. In: Proc. SPIE 11444, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray 11444, 114442 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560871

  7. Nuclear and space radiation effects on materials: Space vehicle design criteria. Technical report (1970). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4743511

  8. F.-J. Li, X.-L. Xie, Q. Gao, L.-Y. Tan, Y.-P. Zhou, Q.-B. Yang, J. Ma, L. Fu, C. Jagadish, H.H. Tan, Enhancement of radiation tolerance in GaAs/ALGaAs core–shell and INP nanowires. Nanotechnology 29, 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aab009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Ishisaki, Y. Enokijima, Y. Ezoe, T. Ohashi, H. Akamatsu, R. Yamamoto, Y. Takei, K. Mitsuda, N.Y. Yamasaki, S. Yamada, Radiation tolerance evaluation of the Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter. J. Low Temp. Phys. 176(3–4), 344–349 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-013-1058-4

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. F.-J. Li, J. Ding, Y.-R. Wang, Y.-L. Chen, W. Cui, Y. Gao, R. Huang, X.-Y. Hua, Y.-J. Liang, H. Jin, G.-L. Wang, S.-F. Wang, J.-M. Xue, X.-Y. Zhang, Y.-N. Zhang, Effects of MeV proton irradiation on the properties of Mo/Cu bilayer films. J. Low Temp. Phys. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-021-02618-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y.-R. Wang, Y.-J. Liang, J. Ding, N.-H. Chen, Y.-L. Chen, W. Cui, R. Huang, C.-Z. Li, F.-J. Li, J.-J. Liu, H. Jin, G.-L. Wang, S.-F. Wang, Y.-N. Zhang, Characterizing the stress and electrical properties of superconducting molybdenum films. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 35(2), 025008 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac4173

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Gao, X.-J. Yang, J.-Y. Wang, Nuclear technology application of the 45 mv electrostatic accelerator at peking university. Nucl. Phys. Rev. 37, 64 (2020). https://doi.org/10.11804/NuclPhysRev.37.2019041

  13. G.S. Was, The Radiation Damage Event, pp. 3–76 (Springer, New York, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3438-6_1

  14. A. Russell, K. Loong Lee, Defects and their Effects on Materials Properties. Structure-Property Relations in Nonferrous Metals (Wiley, 2005). https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Structure+Property+Relations+in+Nonferrous+Metals-p-9780471649526

  15. 4—recovery from radiation damage, in Koutský, J., Kočik, J. (eds.) Radiation Damage of Structural Materials. Materials Science Monographs, vol. 79, pp. 121–134 (Elsevier, 1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-98708-2.50009-X

  16. J. Aspeling, U. Gösele, C.S.B. Piani, The recovery between 30 k and 400 k of copper and copper alloyed with gold after thermal-neutron irradiation. Radiat. Effects Defects Solids 38, 175–189 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1080/00337577808233226

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. P.K. Patel, A.J. Mackinnon, M.H. Key, T.E. Cowan, M.E. Foord, M. Allen, D.F. Price, H. Ruhl, P.T. Springer, R. Stephens, Isochoric heating of solid-density matter with an ultrafast proton beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 125004 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.125004

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments that have significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through Grants 11927805 and 12220101004, and by China National Space Administration (CNSA) through a technology development grant. We also wish to acknowledge financial support by the Open Research Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University under Grant No. NPT2021KFJ22.

Funding

This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through Grant 11927805 and 12220101004, and by China National Space Administration (CNSA) through a technology development grant. We also wish to acknowledge financial support by the Open Research Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University under Grant No.NPT2021KFJ22.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jiao Ding, Wei Cui & Hai Jin

  2. Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Fajun Li

  3. Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, 250101, China

    Yeru Wang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Yuan Gao, Xiangjun Yang, Huaqing Huang & Jianming Xue

Authors
  1. Jiao Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fajun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yeru Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wei Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yuan Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiangjun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hai Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Huaqing Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jianming Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Jiao Ding wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all figures. Jiao Ding, Fajun Li, Yeru Wang, Wei Cui, and Yuan Gao reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fajun Li or Wei Cui.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

The authors have read and understood the publishing policy, and submit this manuscript in accordance with this policy.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ding, J., Li, F., Wang, Y. et al. Irradiation of Mo–Cu Superconducting Bilayer Films with MeV Protons. J Low Temp Phys 215, 33–45 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-024-03058-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-024-03058-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation