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Broadband Multi-layer Anti-reflection Coatings with Mullite and Duroid for Half-wave Plates and Alumina Filters for CMB Polarimetry

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Abstract

A broadband two-layer antireflection (AR) coating was developed for use on a sapphire half-wave plate (HWP) and an alumina infrared (IR) filter for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry. Measuring tiny CMB B-mode signals requires maximizing the number of photons reaching the detectors and minimizing spurious polarization due to reflection with an off-axis incident angle. However, a sapphire HWP and an alumina IR filter have high refractive indices of \(\simeq\) 3.1, and an AR coating must be applied to them. Thermally sprayed mullite and Duroid 5880LZ were selected in terms of index and coefficient of thermal expansion for use at cryogenic temperatures. With these materials, the reflectivity was reduced to about 2% at 90/150 GHz and <1% at 220/280 GHz. The design, fabrication, and optical performance evaluation of the AR coatings are described. The coatings were used in a current ground-based CMB experiment called the Simons Array. Also, they could be applied to next-generation CMB experiments, such as the Simons Observatory.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Junji Yumoto and Kuniaki Konishi for the X-ray CT measurement understanding thicknesses of small samples. This work was supported by JSPS Core-to-Core program grant number JPJSCCA20200003, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19H00674 and 19K14732. This research was supported by FoPM, WINGS Program, the University of Tokyo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Kana Sakaguri & Akito Kusaka

  2. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan

    Masaya Hasegawa

  3. Kavli IPMU, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan

    Yuki Sakurai & Akito Kusaka

  4. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Charles Hill & Akito Kusaka

  5. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Charles Hill

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  1. Kana Sakaguri
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  2. Masaya Hasegawa
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  3. Yuki Sakurai
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  4. Charles Hill
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  5. Akito Kusaka
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Correspondence to Kana Sakaguri.

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Sakaguri, K., Hasegawa, M., Sakurai, Y. et al. Broadband Multi-layer Anti-reflection Coatings with Mullite and Duroid for Half-wave Plates and Alumina Filters for CMB Polarimetry. J Low Temp Phys 209, 1264–1271 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02847-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02847-0

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