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Decrease of steady-state solubility of Ag in Cu by high-pressure torsion at low temperature

  • Processing Bulk Nanostructured Materials
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Abstract

During the high pressure torsion (HPT) of a material, a steady-state is reached after a certain number of the plunger revolutions. This steady-state is determined by the dynamic equilibrium between the formation of crystal lattice defects during deformation and their relaxation. In particular, during HPT of binary solid solutions, the competition takes place between the dissolution of particles of the second phase (and enrichment of the solid solution), on the one hand, and the decomposition of the solid solution (and precipitation of the second phase), on the other hand. As a result, a certain steady-state concentration of the second component css appears in a binary solid solution during HPT. This concentration is equifinal, it depends only on the HPT conditions, but not on the initial state of the binary alloy. In copper-silver alloys subjected to HPT at room temperature, this concentration is css = 5.5 wt.% Ag (Acta Mater. 195 (2020) 184). It can be expected that a change in the HPT temperature should shift the dynamic equilibrium and change the css concentration. In this work, we annealed the samples of Cu − 8 wt.% Ag alloy at 790 °C, 300 h and at 500 °C, 770 h. After annealing at 790 °C almost all silver atoms were diluted in copper matrix. After annealing at 500 °C all silver atoms were in the precipitates and copper matrix was almost pure. The annealed samples were subjected to the HPT at 6 GPa, 1 rpm, 300 K and 77 K. After HPT the silver concentration css in the first sample decreased and in the second one increased. It turned out that the steady-state concentration css indeed changed with decrease of HPT temperature from 300 to 77 K. It decreased to css = 3.9 wt.% Ag. It means that the dynamic equilibrium between dissolution and precipitation of silver atoms is shifted, and precipitation prevails at 77 K. HPT also changes the size of silver precipitates. The big precipitates dissolve and small ones grow. Thus, the size of silver precipitates also comes from the top and from the bottom to the steady-state one (about 50 nm).

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Acknowledgements

The state task of the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (no. 075-01176-23-00) and of the Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics RAS are acknowledged. The authors thank Prof. Ruslan Valiev and Dr. Yulia Ivanisenko for stimulating discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia

    B. B. Straumal & A. A. Mazilkin

  2. Process and Material Sciences Laboratory, LSPM - CNRS, Bâtiments L1/L2, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430, Villetaneuse, France

    A. R. Kilmametov

  3. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 49, 119334, Moscow, Russia

    P. B. Straumal

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Contributions

Conceptualization, B.S. and A.K.; methodology, A.K. and A.M.; validation, P.S.; formal analysis, P.S. and A.M.; investigation, B.S., A.K. and A.M.; resources, B.S.; data curation, P.S., A.K. and A.M.; writing—original draft preparation, B.S., A.K.; writing—review and editing, B.S., P.S., A.K. and A.M.; visualization, A.M.; supervision, B.S., A.M.; project administration, B.S.; funding acquisition, B.S. and P.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to B. B. Straumal.

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Straumal, B.B., Kilmametov, A.R., Straumal, P.B. et al. Decrease of steady-state solubility of Ag in Cu by high-pressure torsion at low temperature. J Mater Sci 59, 5818–5830 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09328-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09328-z

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