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Exploring Ce3+ adsorption on clay minerals to propel the frontier of heavy metal sensing with clay-CeO2 modified carbon paste electrode

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Abstract

A novel approach was employed to craft innovative carbon-paste electrodes using cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2)-doped clay, aiming to modify graphite electrodes. The introduction of Ce involved the adsorption of Ce3+ ions onto an activated carbon (AC) clay mixture, showcasing an impressive adsorption capacity of 40.0 mg g−1, which surpasses that of clay alone. This step was undertaken to enhance the conductivity of raw clay and increase its electrochemical surface area. Sintering clay-CeO2 at 1000 °C resulted in the maximum electrochemical area when utilized as a 10 wt% dopant for graphite electrodes. Heavy metal ion analysis (HMI) involving Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ was conducted using five electrochemical techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV), Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). SWV emerged as the optimal technique and was termed SWAdSV after the stripping process, displaying peak current responses for Cd2+ (74.7 µA), Pb2+ (42.4 µA), Cu2+ (36.0 µA), and Hg2+ (22.8 µA). Calibration curves were utilized to determine the Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. The repeatability, expressed as %RSD, for the same electrode was found to be 1.70%, 2.04%, 1.14%, and 3.61% for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. While the reproducibility, also expressed as %RSD, for different electrodes was determined to be 1.98%, 2.31%, 1.52%, and 1.89% for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), Targeted research grant: Ref. V.C.R.G./R. 447/2022, and College of Graduate Studies, Graduate students support provided to Student ID: U19103583, dated 16/12/2021, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry Group, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Sondos Sadek, Abderrazek El-Kordy, Abdel-Nasser Kawde & Abdelaziz Elgamouz

  2. Materials, Membranes and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Moulay Ismail, Zitoune, P. O. Box 11201, 50060, Meknes, Morocco

    Abderrazek El-Kordy

  3. Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Abdelrahman K. A. Khalil & Tahar Laoui

  4. Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Tahar Laoui

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  1. Sondos Sadek
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  2. Abderrazek El-Kordy
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  3. Abdelrahman K. A. Khalil
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  4. Tahar Laoui
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  5. Abdel-Nasser Kawde
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  6. Abdelaziz Elgamouz
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Contributions

Authors contribution Abdelaziz Elgamouz, Taher Laoui and Abdel-Nasser Kawde, 1.Conceptualization 2.Data curation 3.Formal analysis 4.Funding acquisition 5.Investigation 6.Methodology 7.Project administration 8.Resources 9.Supervision 10.Validation 11.Visualization 12.Writing—original draft 13.Writing—review & editing Sondos Sadek, Abderrazek El-Kordy, Abdelrahman K. A. Khalil 1.Formal analysis 2.Investigation 3.Methodology 4.Validation 5.Visualization 6.Writing—original draft 7.Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Abdelaziz Elgamouz.

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Sadek, S., El-Kordy, A., Khalil, A.K.A. et al. Exploring Ce3+ adsorption on clay minerals to propel the frontier of heavy metal sensing with clay-CeO2 modified carbon paste electrode. J Appl Electrochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-024-02125-9

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