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Does Sex Really Matter? Examining the Connections Between Spouses’ Nonsexual Behaviors, Sexual Frequency, Sexual Satisfaction, and Marital Satisfaction

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Abstract

We examined the interplay between husbands’ and wives’ positive and negative nonsexual interpersonal behaviors, frequency of sexual intercourse, sexual satisfaction, and feelings of marital satisfaction. To do this, we conducted an in-depth face-to-face interview and completed a series of telephone diaries with 105 couples during their second, third, and fourteenth years of marriage. Consistent with the argument that women’s sexual response is tied to intimacy (Basson, 2000), multilevel analyses revealed that husbands’ positive interpersonal behaviors directed toward their wives—but not wives’ positivity nor spouses’ negative behaviors (regardless of gender)—predicted the frequency with which couples engaged in intercourse. The frequency of sexual intercourse and interpersonal negativity predicted both husbands’ and wives’ sexual satisfaction; wives’ positive behaviors were also tied to husbands’ sexual satisfaction. When spouses’ interpersonal behaviors, frequency of sexual intercourse, and sexual satisfaction were considered in tandem, all but the frequency of sexual intercourse were associated with marital satisfaction. When it comes to feelings of marital satisfaction, therefore, a satisfying sex life and a warm interpersonal climate appear to matter more than does a greater frequency of sexual intercourse. Collectively, these findings shed much-needed light on the interplay between the nonsexual interpersonal climate of marriage and spouses’ sexual relationships.

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Notes

  1. Although other articles have been published using these data (e.g., Caughlin et al., 2000; Huston, Caughlin, Houts, Smith, & George, 2001; Miller et al., 2003), this is the only study that examines the interplay between sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, partners’ interpersonal behaviors, and spouses’ feelings of marital satisfaction. In their seminal paper involving a handful of the same variables considered in the present study, Huston and Vangelisti (1991) examined the extent to which partners’ positive behaviors, negative behaviors, and “sexual interest” were tied to marital satisfaction; their overall goal was to identify, and then subsequently connect, different types of socioemotional behaviors to feelings of marital satisfaction. The current study, on the other hand, examined spouses’ interpersonal behaviors in connection with the sexual aspects of their relationship, and then assessed whether those factors (specifically, spouses’ positive behaviors, negative behaviors, sexual frequency, and sexual satisfaction), considered in tandem, predicted marital satisfaction across 13 years of marriage. Thus, the focus of this article—and its specific hypotheses—is distinct from the ideas examined in other studies involving this data.

  2. Although the general pattern of results does not change when both those who remained continuously married and those who ultimately divorced were included in the model, we also tested whether these two groups significantly differed across several of our variables of interest, as well as a number of sociodemographic characteristics (all of which were reported when couples had been married for approximately 1 year). Compared to their counterparts who ultimately divorced, wives who remained continuously married reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction, and couples who remained married reported lower levels of sexual frequency. The only other significant difference that was detected was that a greater proportion of husbands who remained married were employed during Phase 2, relative to the proportion observed among husbands who ultimately divorced. Spouses who remained married did not differ from those who divorced with respect to their positive and negative interpersonal behaviors, age at marriage, years of education, race, or total income.

  3. Because random effects were not estimated for sexual frequency or sexual satisfaction, we were able to decompose the mediational effects using the traditional methods used in single-level models (see Kenny, Korchmaros, & Bolger, 2003).

  4. All follow-up analyses are available from the first author upon request.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (SBR-9311846) and the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-33938).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Youth & Family Alliance dba LifeWorks, 835 N. Pleasant Valley Rd., Austin, TX, 78702, USA

    Elizabeth A. Schoenfeld

  2. Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Elizabeth A. Schoenfeld, Timothy J. Loving, Mark T. Pope & Ted L. Huston

  3. Department of Sociology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Aleksandar Štulhofer

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  1. Elizabeth A. Schoenfeld
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Schoenfeld, E.A., Loving, T.J., Pope, M.T. et al. Does Sex Really Matter? Examining the Connections Between Spouses’ Nonsexual Behaviors, Sexual Frequency, Sexual Satisfaction, and Marital Satisfaction. Arch Sex Behav 46, 489–501 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0672-4

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