Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The anti-adherence activity and bactericidal effect of GO against Streptococcus mutans from Iraqi dental patients

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Odontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The high rate of microbes and their biological activity in the patient’s mouth is a concern in the domains of dental caries and periodontal disease. The study aimed to shed light on the relationship between graphene oxide’s nanoparticles (nGOs) antimicrobial properties and the growth of dental pathogenic bacteria. The forty swab samples were frequently collected from the patient’s cavity mouth between November 2019 and January 2020, from patients who visited dentist clinics in Baghdad by taking swabs from mouth cavities with various dental caries with two age groups (5–17) and (18–60) from male and female to streaking them on Brain–Heart Infusion (BHI) agar, then identified by re-streaking on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar. All isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus mutans after API 20 Strep method. As well as the Colony Forming Units (CFU) were then determined after diluting the bacterial cell suspensions to obtain cell samples containing 1.5 × 108 CFU/ ml. The collagen-binding adhesin (cnm) and glucosyltransferases (gtf) of S. mutans genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method before and after exposure to the nGOs, which were prepared in different pulse laser energy (500, 600, and 700 mJ) with presence and absence of the magnetic field, and the data have been analyzing. After counting the CFU, the nGOs shows high effectiveness inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. This research provides definitive answers about the relationship between nGOs, antibacterial caries, and periodontal disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within this article collected continuously from dental caries of patients who attended dentist clinics in Baghdad city from November 2019 to January 2020.

References

  1. Ge Z, Yang L, Xiao F, Wu Y, Yu T, Chen J, Zhang Y. Graphene family nanomaterials: properties and potential applications in dentistry. Intern J Biomater. 2018;2018:1539678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Flaih ON, Najeeb LM, Mohammed RK. Investigating the portability bacteria proteus mirabilis isolated from wounds and burns infections to form swarming and study the virulence factor genetically. J Univ Anbar Pure Sci. 2015;9(3):44–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu R, Zhao Q, Lu S, Fu Y, Yu D, Zhao W. Inhibitory effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite on progression of artificial enamel caries. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;27:e20180042.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Wade WG. The oral microbiome in health and disease. Pharmacol Res Off J Itali Pharmacol Soc. 2013;69(1):137–43.

    Google Scholar 

  5. He J, Zhu X, Qi Z, Wang C, Mao X, Zhu C, Tang Z. Killing dental pathogens using antibacterial graphene oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interf. 2015;7(9):5605–11. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01069.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li Y, Tanner A. Effect of antimicrobial interventions on the oral microbiota associated with early childhood caries. Pediat Dent. 2015;37(3):226–44.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rago I, Bregnocchi A, Zanni E, D’Aloia AG, De Angelis F, Bossu M, Sarto MS (2015) Antimicrobial activity of graphene nanoplatelets against Streptococcus mutans. 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO. pp 9–12.

  8. Flaih ON, Najeb LM, Mohammad RK. Determine the biofilm formed by using ELISA technology for gram-negative bacteria isolated from wounds and burns infections, and the study of the production of the biofilm molecularly. Ibn AL-Haitham J Pure Appl Sci. 2017;30(1):325–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Matsumoto-Nakano M. Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation. Japan Dent Sci Rev. 2018;54(1):22–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Koo H, Xiao J, Klein MI, Jeon JG. Exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases modulate the establishment of microcolonies within multispecies biofilms. J Bacteriol. 2010;192(12):3024–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01649-09.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Rodbari RJ, Wendelbo R, Jamshidi LCLA, Nascimento L. Study of physical and chemical characterization of nanocomposite polystyrene/graphene oxide high acidity can be applied in thin films. J Chil Chem Soc. 2016;61(3):3120–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nakano K, Nomura R, Taniguchi N, Lapirattanakul J, Ooshima T. Molecular characterization of Streptococcus mutans strains containing the cnm gene encoding a collagen-binding adhesin. Archiv Oral Biol. 2010;55(1):34–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lapirattanakul J, Nakano K, Nomura Ooshima T. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus mutans strains with the cnm gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin. J Med Microbiol. 2011;60(11):1677–84. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.033415-0?crawler=true.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Abranches J, Miller JH, Martinez AR, Lemos JA. The collagen-binding protein cnm is required for Streptococcus mutans adherence to and intracellular invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Infect Immun. 2011;79(6):2277–84. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00767-10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Nakano K, Hokamura K, Taniguchi N, Ooshima T. The collagen-binding protein of Streptococcus mutans is involved in haemorrhagic stroke. Nat Commun. 2011;2(1):485. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00767-10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Majeed AA, Al-Aubydi MA. Assessment the Modulation effect of using green synthesis ZnO NPs against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from respiratory tract infection. Iraqi J Sci. 2019. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.6.5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yang Y, Asiri AM, Tang Z, Du D, Lin Y. Graphene based materials for biomedical applications. Mater Today (Kidlington, England). 2013;16(10):365–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Goenka S, Sant V, Sant S. Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Controll Release Off J Controll Release Soc. 2014;173:75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gao L, Li Q, Li R, Yan L, Zhou Y, Chen K, Shi H. Highly sensitive detection for proteins using graphene oxide-aptamer based sensors. Nanoscale. 2015;7(25):10903–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jin J, Zhang L, Shi M, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Ti-GO-Ag nanocomposite: the effect of content level on the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Intern J Nanomed. 2017;12:4209–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yoo SY, Park SJ, Jeong DK, Kook J-K. Isolation and characterization of the mutans streptococci from the dental plaques in Koreans. J Microbiol. 2007;45(3):246–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Al-Shamari RK, Al-Khteeb SN. Molecular characterization aminoglycosids resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Iraqi J Sci. 2016;57(2B):1150–7.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mohammed RK . Molecular Identification of Geobacillus WCH 70 Isolate according to Nitrate reductase gene sequence. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2016;9(2):75–80.

  24. Nomura R, Nakano K, Taniguchi N, Ooshima T. Molecular and clinical analyses of the gene encoding the collagen-binding adhesin of Streptococcus mutans. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58(4):469–75. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.007559-0?crawler=true.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Oho T, Yamashita Y, Shimazaki Y, Kushiyama M, Koga T. Simple and rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in human saliva by polymerase chain reaction. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2000;15(4):258–62. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150408.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Di Giulio M, Zappacosta R, Di Lodovico S, Cellini L. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of graphene oxide against chronic wound microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(7):e00547-e618. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00547-18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen T, Yu WH, Izard J, Dewhirst FE. The human oral microbiome database: a web accessible resource for investigating oral microbe taxonomic and genomic information. J Biolog Databases Curat. 2010;2010:baq013. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baq013/405450?view=long.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zarei M, Jamnejad A, Khajehali E. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against four foodborne pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2014;7(1):e8720.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Li WR, Xie XB, Shi QS, Chen YB. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;85(4):1115–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2159-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Chatterjee T, Chatterjee BK, Majumdar D, Chakrabarti P. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and the modeling of bacterial growth kinetics using a modified Gompertz model. Biochem Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(2):299–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tu Y, Lv M, Xiu P, Zhou R. Destructive extraction of phospholipids from Escherichia coli membranes by graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol. 2013;8(8):594–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hu W, Peng C, Luo W, Fan C. Graphene-based antibacterial paper. ACS Nano. 2010;4(7):4317–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101097v.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Flayyih AS, Hassani HH, Wali MH. Identification of Streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque and dental caries using 16srrna gene. Iraqi J Sci. 2016;57(1C):552–7.

  34. Ferraro M, Vieira AR. Explaining gender differences in caries: a multifactorial approach to a multifactorial disease. Intern J Dent. 2010;2010:649643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zanni E, De Bellis G, Uccelletti Bracciale D. Graphite nanoplatelets and Caenorhabditis elegans: insights from an in vivo model. Nano Lett. 2012;12(6):2740–4. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204388p.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu S, Zeng TH, Hofmann M, Chen Y. Antibacterial activity of graphite, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide: membrane and oxidative stress. ACS Nano. 2011;5(9):6971–80. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202451x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gurunathan S, Han JW, Dayem AA, Eppakayala V, Kim JH. Oxidative stress-mediated antibacterial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intern J Nanomed. 2012;7:5901–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank everyone who helped make this work possible in the Biotechnology Lab at the Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, and University of Baghdad by providing a location, materials, and instruments

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Rana Kadhim Mohammed

  2. Abi Ghraib General Hospital‏, Baghdad Al-Karkh Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ali Attallah Ibrahim

Authors
  1. Rana Kadhim Mohammed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Attallah Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rana Kadhim Mohammed.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

This study concerning bacterial samples. The University of Baghdad Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to publish

The authors affirm there are no research participants need to provided informed consent for publication.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohammed, R.K., Ibrahim, A.A. The anti-adherence activity and bactericidal effect of GO against Streptococcus mutans from Iraqi dental patients. Odontology 111, 863–869 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00791-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00791-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation