Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Micro-tomographic analysis of the root trunk and pre-furcation area of the first mandibular molars

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Odontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study analyzed the root trunk (RT) and the pre-furcation area (PFA) of mandibular first molars. Thirty lower first mandibular molars extracted due to advanced periodontal disease were evaluated in a high-energy spiral computerized micro-tomography. Two gutta-percha markings on the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and at the furcation entrance (FE) at buccal and lingual surfaces served as reference points for measurements of RT length, and PFA width and depth, at the levels of CEJ, 1 mm apical to CEJ, 2 mm apical to CEJ, and at the FE. The mean RT length was 2.49 mm at buccal and 3.18 mm at lingual sides. The mean widths of the PFA at CEJ, at 1 and 2 mm apical to CEJ, and at FE were 2.9, 3.4, 3.9 and 4.3 mm, respectively, while the mean depths were 0.19, 0.32, 0.57 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The PFA coincided with CEJ in 10 buccal and 10 lingual surfaces, representing 33.33% of the sample. There was a negative correlation between RT length and PFA dimensions. This study concludes that the RT length was smaller than previous studies. From the CEJ up to the furcation entrance, the PFA showed a progressive increase in width and depth. The coincidence of the PFA area beginning at the CEJ in 1/3, and the negative correlation between RT length and PFA dimensions may represent greater risk factor for the early development of furcation lesions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, et al. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci. 2015;23:329–55. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720140259.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Graziani F, Gennai S, Karapetsa D, Rosini S, Filice N, Gabriel H, et al. Clinical performance of access flap in the treatment of class II furcation defects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:169–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kinaia B, Steiger J, Neely A, Shah H, Bhola M. Treatment of class II molar furcation involvement: meta-analyses of reentry results. J Periodontol. 2011;82:413–28. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Pruthi VK, Gelskey SC, Mirbod SM. Furcation therapy with bioabsorbable collagen membrane: a clinical trial. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68:610–5 (PMID: 12410941).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Casarin RC, Ribeiro EP, Nociti FH, Sallum AW, Ambrosano GM, Sallum EA, et al. Enamel matrix derivative proteins for the treatment of proximal class II furcation involvements: a prospective 24-month randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37:1100–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01614.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Matthews D. Evidence is weak that use of tissue regenerative membranes may improve class II molar furcation defects over open-flap debridement alone. Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012;12:10–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2011.12.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nibali L, Zavattini A, Nagata K, Di Iorio A, Lin GH, Agulha I, et al. Tooth loss in molars with and without furcation involvement—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:156–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Peeran SW, Thiruneervannan M. Anatomy of mandibular molar furcation and its clinical implications. Sebha Med J. 2007;6:66–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Barboza C Jr, Tristão GC, Petersen R, Rodrigues DM, Barboza ESP. Biometric study of the prefurcation area of human mandibular first molar. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2014;34:857–61. https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.1971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gher ME, Vernino AR. Root morphology—clinical significance in pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease. J Am Den Ass. 1980;101:627–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. de los Rios CM, Pustiglioni FE, Romito GA. Biometric study of the width, length and depth of the root trunk groove of human lower second molars. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2002;16:26–30 (PMID: 11938714).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Roussa E. Anatomic characteristics of the furcation and root surfaces of molar teeth and their significance in the clinical management of marginal periodontitis. Clin Anat. 1998;11:177–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:3%3c177.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kato A, Inagaki K, Utsumi M, Kato K, Honda M. Micro-computed tomography analysis of the relationship between root canal number and root concavity in maxillary first and second molars in a Japanese population. Odontology. 2021;109(1):193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00512-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu X, Gao M, Bai Q, Ruan J, Lu Q. Evaluation of palatal furcation groove and root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolar: a CBCT and Micro-CT study. Biomed Res Int. 2021;8(2021):8862956. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8862956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li J, Li L, Pan Y. Anatomic study of the buccal root with furcation groove and associated root canal shape in maxillary first premolars by using micro-computed tomography. J Endod. 2013;39(2):265–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Keleş A, Keskin C, Alqawasmi R, Versiani MA. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of the mesial root of mandibular first molars with bifid apex. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;117: 104792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104792.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Barsness SA, Bowles WR, Fok A, McClanahan SB, Harris SP. An anatomical investigation of the mandibular second molar using micro-computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015;37(3):267–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1364-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bertl K, Domic D, Hirtler L, Heimel P, Esfandeyari A, Stavropoulos A, Ulm C. Micro-CT evaluation of the cortical bone micro-architecture in the anterior and posterior maxilla and the maxillary sinus floor. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1453–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2573-0 (Epub 2018 Aug 15 PMID: 30112634).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Irie MS, Rabelo GD, Spin-Neto R, Dechichi P, Borges JS, Soares PBF. Use of micro-computed tomography for bone evaluation in dentistry. Braz Dent J. 2018;29(3):227–38. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801979 (PMID: 29972447).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. De-Deus G, Belladonna FG, Zuolo AS, Cavalcante DM, Simões Carvalho M, Marinho A, Souza EM, Lopes RT, Silva EJNL. 3-dimensional ability assessment in removing root filling material from pair-matched oval-shaped canals using thermal-treated instruments. J Endod. 2019;45(9):1135–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.003 (Epub 2019 Jul 23 PMID: 31350048).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Volponi A, Pelegrine RA, Kato AS, Stringheta CP, Lopes RT, Silva ASS, Bueno CEDS. Micro-computed tomographic assessment of supplementary cleaning techniques for removing bioceramic sealer and gutta-percha in oval canals. J Endod. 2020;46(12):1901–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2020.09.010 (Epub 2020 Sep 19 PMID: 32961214).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. De-Deus G, Belladonna FG, de Siqueira ZA, Perez R, Carvalho MS, Souza EM, Lopes RT, Silva EJNL. Micro-CT comparison of XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation as final irrigation protocols on the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris from oval shaped-canals. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(7):3087–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2729-y (Epub 2018 Nov 12 PMID: 30417226).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Silva EJNL, Carvalho CR, Belladonna FG, Prado MC, Lopes RT, De-Deus G, Moreira EJL. Micro-CT evaluation of different final irrigation protocols on the removal of hard-tissue debris from isthmus-containing mesial root of mandibular molars. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(2):681–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2483-1 (Epub 2018 May 10 PMID: 29744723).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12:1495–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Feldkamp LA, Davis LC, Kress JW. Pratical cone-beam algorithm. J Opt Soc Am. 1984;1:612–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Papapanou PN, Susin C. Periodontitis epidemiology: is periodontitis under-recognized, over-diagnosed, or both? Periodontol. 2000;2017(75):45–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chappl ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions—Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12935.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Novaes AB, Tarnani JP, Oliveira PT, Palioto DB, Almeida ALG. Root trunk concavities as a risk factor for regenerative procedures of class II furcation lesions in dogs. J Periodontol. 2001;72:612–9 (PMID:11394396).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Dunlap RM, Gher ME. Root surface measurements of the mandibular first molar. J Periodontol. 1985;56:234–8. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1985.56.4.234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Chiu BM, Zee KY, Corbet E, Holmgren CJ. Periodontal implications of furcation entrance dimensions in Chinese first permanent molars. J Periodontol. 1991;62:308–11. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.5.308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate program, Federal Fluminense University School of Dentistry, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Dyego Jhony Perminio & Katia Costa Vianna

  2. Private Practice, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Diogo Moreira Rodrigues

  3. Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory PEN, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Alessandra Machado & Ricardo Lopes

  4. Department of Dental Clinic, Federal Fluminense University School of Dentistry, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Eliane Porto Barboza

Authors
  1. Dyego Jhony Perminio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Diogo Moreira Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Katia Costa Vianna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alessandra Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ricardo Lopes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Eliane Porto Barboza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eliane Porto Barboza.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All the procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal Fluminense Medical School, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Perminio, D.J., Rodrigues, D.M., Vianna, K.C. et al. Micro-tomographic analysis of the root trunk and pre-furcation area of the first mandibular molars. Odontology 110, 120–126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00645-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00645-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation