Zusammenfassung
Der perioperative Myokardschaden (PMI) ist eine häufige Komplikation nach nicht-kardiochirurgischen Operationen und assoziiert mit einer hohen postoperativen Mortalität. Die aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien für perioperatives Management von Patient:innen bei nicht-kardiochirurgischen Operationen empfehlen ein routinemäßiges Troponinmonitoring vor nicht-kardiochirurgischen Operationen mit mittlerem und hohem Risiko bei Patient:innen mit erhöhtem Risiko für perioperative kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, um einen PMI zu detektieren. Eine präoperative Troponinmessung wird empfohlen, um von einer chronischen Myokardschädigung als Ursache der Troponinerhöhung zu unterscheiden. Da die postoperative Mortalität von Patient:innen mit und ohne zusätzliche ischämieverdächtige Symptome oder EKG-Veränderungen signifikant erhöht ist, wird die Diagnose PMI alleinig anhand der Troponindynamik (z. B. hochsensitiver Troponin-T-Assay: Anstieg ≥ 14 ng/L) gestellt (im Vergleich zur Diagnose eines akuten Myokardinfarkts). Die Ursachen eines PMI sind heterogen und Patient:innen mit PMI benötigen eine systematische Abklärung sowie eine, an die genaue Ursache angepasste, Behandlung. Ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz ist wichtig für die erfolgreiche Implementation eines PMI-Screenings.
Abstract
Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) is a common complication after non-cardiac surgery and is associated with high postoperative mortality. The current ESC guidelines on the perioperative management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery recommend routine perioperative troponin surveillance before medium- and high-risk non-cardiac surgery in patients at an increased risk for perioperative cardiovascular events in order to detect PMI. Measurement of preoperative troponin levels is recommended to differentiate from chronic myocardial injury as the cause of the increase in troponin. As postoperative mortality is significantly elevated in patients with and without additional ischemic symptoms or ECG changes, the diagnosis of PMI is solely based on troponin levels (e.g., high-sensitivity troponin T assay: increase ≥ 14 ng/L), as opposed to the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The causes of PMI are heterogeneous and patients with PMI need a systematic work-up and treatment according to the precise cause. An interdisciplinary approach is mandatory for the successful implementation of PMI screening.
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P. Hillinger: Honorar für Vorträge von Roche Diagnostics. J. Falkensammer: Honorare für Vorträge und/oder Beraterfunktionen von Terumo Aortic, Roche Diagnostics. B. Gustorff: Beraterhonorar von Roche Diagnostics. J. Knotzer: Honorar für Vorträge von AOP Pharma, Sintetica, Orion Pharma, Medtronics, Roche. K. Huber: Honorar für Vorträge und Konsultationen für AMGEN, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Böhringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Chiesi, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Novartis, NovoNordisk und Sanofi Aventis. A. Duma: Honorar für Vorträge von Roche Diagnostics. M. Muthspiel, H. Alber, M. Frossard, J. Holfeld und B. Kabon geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Dieser Beitrag erschien zuerst in Journal für Kardiologie – Austrian Journal of Cardiology (2023) 30(5-6):132–137.
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Muthspiel, M., Hillinger, P., Alber, H. et al. Empfehlung zum Einsatz kardialer Biomarker in der ESC-Leitlinie für perioperatives Management von Patient:innen bei nicht-kardiochirurgischen Operationen: Herausforderungen und Chancen. Gefässchirurgie 28, 520–526 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-023-01023-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-023-01023-2
Schlüsselwörter
- Perioperativer Myokardschaden
- Nicht-kardiochirurgische Chirurgie
- Troponinmonitoring
- Optimierung der perioperativen Patient:innenversorgung
- Perioperative Komplikationen