Abstract
Precipitation is essential for hydrological streamflow simulation, but data scarcity in some regions limits ground-based observations. High-resolution satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) and reanalysis precipitation products (RPs) provide alternative data sources. In this study, the accuracy of eight SPPs and RPs, is evaluated to simulate streamflow using HBV and SWAT hydrological models in two semi-arid river basins in southeastern Iran. The study compared these SPPs and RPs to rain gauge datasets using statistical and contingency indices. ERA5 and NOAA CPC perform best in capturing daily precipitation for both river basins, with higher correlations, lower root mean square error (RMSE), and better ability to identify rain events. GPM and CHIRPS have the best total mean error (ME) and PBIAS scores for both basins. At the monthly scale, ERA5 and GPM show the best agreement with the rain gauge dataset in the two basins. The ability of RPs to accurately capture daily streamflow demonstrates their potential as a source of precipitation for feeding hydrological models. The best efficiency for the streamflow simulation is obtained when the ERA5 reanalysis and the HBV model were combined. However, CMORPH performed poorly, producing an unsatisfactory streamflow simulation due to high PBIAS and low NSE. Bias correction of satellite precipitation inputs improved the accuracy of streamflow simulations, but even with this correction, satellite precipitation inputs still resulted in lower accuracy than rain gauge data inputs. Results will benefit developers, users, and the hydrological modeling community in data-poor regions.
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Data availability
The satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation products data used in this study are available for free download, while rain gauge and streamflow data can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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We thank Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) and Iran Energy Ministry (IEM) for providing us the hydrometeorological data.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Afshin Jahanshahi conducted material preparation, data collection, performed analysis, and wrote the original draft. Sayed Hussein Roshun contributed to the methodology and discussed the results. Martijn J. Booij analyzed the results, discussed the findings, edited the manuscript, and supervised the study. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Figure 13 provides a comparison of daily streamflow from SWAT and HBV simulations with observed data for DRB and JRB, using precipitation data from different sources during the calibration period.
Comparison of observed and simulated daily streamflow with SWAT and HBV for DRB (a–p) and JRB (a1-p1), based on precipitation input data from different sources. The comparison is made using time series (left panel) and exceedance probabilities (right panel), during the calibration period from 2006 to 2013
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Jahanshahi, A., Roshun, S.H. & Booij, M.J. Comparison of satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation products for hydrological modeling over a data-scarce region. Clim Dyn 62, 3505–3537 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-07078-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-07078-x