Abstract
The areal distributions of the soil organochlorine pesticide (OCP) levels were investigated at adjacent and surrounding sites of the obsolete pesticide stockpile warehouse in Kocaeli, Türkiye. OCP levels in soil at neighboring sampling locations (positioned at 0.4 to 3 km from the stockpile) varied from 0.4 to 9 µg/kg and 4.2 to 2226 µg/kg (dry weight) for ΣHCHs and ΣDDXs, respectively. Levels at adjacent locations (positioned within 20 m from the stockpile) were considerably higher, varying from 74 to 39,619 µg/kg and 1592 to 30,419 µg/kg for ΣHCHs and ΣDDXs, respectively. Levels of OCPs dropped abruptly with the horizontal distance from the stockpile and had different transect profiles. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) near the stockpile range from 0.494 to 0.521, 0.454 to 0.515, and 0.483 to 0.533 for α-HCH, o,p′-DDT, and o,p′-DDD, respectively. These near-racemic EFs suggested that observed soil OCP levels were mainly influenced by recent emissions from the stockpile. A comparison of OCP compositions observed in the soil at the present study with the technical HCHs and DDTs revealed that the material in the stockpile primarily contains byproducts that were discarded during DDT and Lindane production at the adjacent plant instead of their technical mixtures.
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Acknowledgements
The data used in the present study have been presented previously in part as an extended abstract in the 38th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) & 10th International PCB Workshop-DIOXIN 2018 that was held in Krakow, Poland.
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PBKK contributed to conceptualization, data curation, investigation, chiral analysis, chiral data curation, and writing—review and editing. MO contributed to instrumental analysis, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, supervision, validation, visualization, and writing—original draft. AB and BY performed fieldwork and sample collection. EG performed fieldwork, sample collection, and sample preparation. YD carried out sample preparation and instrumental analysis. LJ performed instrumental analysis of chiral compounds, chiral data curation, and writing—review and editing.
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Kurt-Karakus, P.B., Odabasi, M., Birgul, A. et al. Contamination of Soil by Obsolete Pesticide Stockpiles: A Case Study of Derince Province, Turkey. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 86, 37–47 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01043-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01043-9