Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Multimorbidität und die daraus resultierende Polypharmazie sind bei Hochbetagten weit verbreitet, Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Arzneimitteln bei älteren Menschen ist spärlich. Leitliniengesteuert führt dies häufig zu unangemessenen Verordnungen und arzneimittelbezogenen Problemen.
Material und Methoden
Zur Abhilfe wurden zahlreiche Listenansätze als Instrumente zur Optimierung der Medikation entwickelt. Diese Ansätze können in arzneimittelorientierte Listenansätze („drug-oriented listing approaches“ [DOLA]) wie die Beers Criteria®, eine Liste potenziell ungeeigneter Medikamente für ältere Menschen, oder in patientenorientierte Listenansätze („patient-in-focus listing approaches“ [PILA]) wie die Fit-fOR-The-Aged(FORTA)-Liste unterteilt werden.
Ergebnisse
Die neueste Version der FORTA-Liste wurde 2022 publiziert und enthält 299 Arzneimittel bzw. Wirkstoffgruppen, die auf 30 altersrelevante Indikationen ausgerichtet sind. Daneben wurden mehrere länder- oder regionalspezifische FORTA-Listen wie die EURO-FORTA-Liste entwickelt. Sehr wenige randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien belegen den Nutzen der bestehenden Listenansätze für die Verbesserung von klinischen Endpunkten wie unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen, Stürzen oder Krankenhausaufenthalten. In der VALFORTA-Studie führte der Einsatz von FORTA zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapie. Außerdem wurden wichtige klinische Endpunkte wie das Auftreten unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen („number needed to treat“ = 5), die Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und die Sturzhäufigkeit durch die FORTA-Intervention signifikant und klinisch relevant verbessert.
Schlussfolgerung
Daher wird die Verwendung der FORTA-Liste zur Medikationsoptimierung bei älteren Patienten empfohlen. Anwendungsvoraussetzung ist die Arzneimittelbedarfsanalyse nach Diagnosen, Schweregrad, Lebenserwartung, funktionellem Zustand und Patientenwunsch.
Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity and the resulting polypharmacy are widespread in the very old and the evidence on the efficacy and safety of drugs in older people is sparse. Driven by guidelines, this often leads to inappropriate prescribing and drug-related problems.
Material and methods
To improve this, numerous listing approaches were developed as tools to optimize medication. These approaches can be divided into drug-oriented listing approaches (DOLA), such as the Beers Criteria®, a list of potentially inappropriate medications for older people or patient-in-focus listing approaches (PILA), such as the Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) list.
Results
The most recent version of the FORTA list was published in 2022 and contains 299 drugs or drug groups targeting 30 age-related indications. In addition, several country-specific or region-specific FORTA lists, such as the EURO-FORTA list have been developed. Very few randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the utility of existing listing approaches for improving clinical outcomes, such as adverse drug events, falls or hospitalizations. In the VALFORTA study, the use of FORTA led to a significant improvement in medication treatment. In addition, important clinical endpoints, such as the occurrence of adverse drug events (number needed to treat = 5), activities of daily living (ADL) and the incidence of falls were significantly improved by the FORTA intervention in a clinically relevant manner.
Conclusion
Based on these promising results, the use of the FORTA list for medication optimization in older patients is recommended; the prerequisite for application is the needs analysis for drugs according to diagnoses, severity, life expectancy, functional status, and patient wishes.
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M. Wehling war von 2003 bis 2006 bei AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, als Direktor der Forschungsmedizin (translationale Medizin) beschäftigt, während er von seiner Professur an der Universität Heidelberg beurlaubt war. Seit seiner Rückkehr in diese Position im Januar 2007 hat er Vortrags- und Beratungshonorare von Bristol Myers, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, LEO, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Polyphor, Helsinn, Allergan, Allecra, Novo Nordisk, Heel, AstraZeneca, Roche, Santhera, Sanofi-Aventis, Shire, Berlin-Chemie und Daiichi Sankyo erhalten. F. Pazan gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Pazan, F., Wehling, M. Die FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) Liste. Innere Medizin 65, 3–8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-023-01629-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-023-01629-4
Schlüsselwörter
- Polypharmazie
- Inadäquate Medikation
- Multimorbidität
- Listenansätze für Medikation
- Arzneimittelbedarfsanalyse